Methanolic extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves (MLL) & barks (MBL) have been evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant & cytotoxic activity. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against 11 Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and 3 fungi using disk diffusion technique. Kanamycin (30μg/disc) was used as standard. Antioxidant potentiality of the extracts was investigated on DPPH scavenging activity, Total antioxidant capacity, Reducing ability as well as total phenolic contents. Cytotoxic study was done by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and vincristin sulphate was used as standard. In antimicrobial study, the average zone of inhibition exhibited by MLL & MBL (each 500μg/disc) was 10-20 mm & 12-21mm respectively. In DPPH scavenging activity, IC50 value was found 27.89 ± 0.83µg/ml,21±0.61 µg/ml and 16.76 ± 1.11μg/ml for MLL, MBL and standard ascorbic acid, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity was found 398.37 ± 0.22 mg/g and 346.37 ± 4.02 mg/g equivalent of ascorbic acid for MLL & MBL, respectively. Reducing ability was found concentration dependent for both the extracts. The total phenolic content was found 71.06 ± 2.01 and 60.65 ± 2.16 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid for MLL & MBL, respectively. The cytotoxicity exhibited by MLL was promising with LC50 value 9.602μg/ml, comparing with the LC50 (6.25 μg/ml) values of standard vincristin sulphate as a positive control. The results suggest into the plant extracts could be used as a potential therapeutics in many pathological conditions.

Majority of rhythm disturbances detected by fetal echocardiography are self-limiting. Appropriate work up of dysrhythmias is essential to prevent further damage of fetal conducting system and to initiate fetal therapy thereby reducing fetal losses. 25 year old Primi, 31 weeks of gestation, no comorbidities, was referred to our Antenatal OPD as severe fetal bradycardia. Antenatal Fetal Echo revealed third degree heart block with no evidence of hydrops. Maternal serum workup revealed autoimmune etiology. Fetal therapy started and Pregnancy followed up weekly till term gestation to deliver an alive baby by vaginal delivery. Baby was diagnosed to have Large ASD with a large PDA having bidirectional shunt by paediatric cardiologist. Surgical management was done by PDA ligation and permanent pacemaker. Unfortunately, baby succumbed due to respiratory failure and sepsis, as it was high risk complete heart block with multifactorial causation. Fetal bradyarrhythmia need to be evaluated carefully both for maternal autoimmune disorders and intrinsic cardiac causes of fetus. This case is reported for its rarity of having both etiologies presenting together as third degree or complete heart block.

This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the rise of fraudulent or illegal investments in Indonesia. The outbreak of fraudulent investment cases in the digital transformation era has harmed many people. There are various types of fraudulent investment modus operandi, including using Ponzi Schemes with cryptocurrency mode, using social media and influencers, and claiming to be an investment company that has been licensed by OJK. The research method used a literature study. The results show that the cause of people becoming victims of illegal investment fraud is not only because they are tempted by the large profits offered, but also the lack of knowledge of victims about the mechanism and workings of investment products. When investing, it should be in a place with clear legality. Investors invest in platforms that are licensed and supervised by regulators in the financial sector. Therefore, it is very important to verify and check the legality of the investment platform. In addition to socializing and educating the public regarding illegal investments, the Investment Alert Task Force also plays a role in preventing unlicensed business activities that have the potential to harm the public. The public is asked to be cautious of illegal investment offers. Investors must understand financial and digital literacy before investing because it is important to prevent investment fraud. Increased financial literacy will increase public knowledge of legal financial products.

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