Некоторые биохимические показатели крови и их вариабельность у хряков полтавской мясной породы в зависимости от генотипа
Purpose: study the response possibilities of boar blood erythrocytes to the conditions of environmental and technological stress; to establish possible reference intervals for their morphological and functional parameters and to evaluate their effect on the leukocyte composition of the blood.Materials and methods. At the first stage, all the Poltava meat breed main boars of the breeding herd were examined. In accordance with the possibilities of providing the oxygen budget of the organism, the boars were divided into two groups according to the principle of analogue pairs. The control group (I) consisted of boars, in which the indicators of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin corresponded to the reference values indicated in the literature. The experimental group (II) consisted of animals that were not included in the control group. All animals belonged to the “elite” and “first” classes and were clinically healthy. Ecological and technological factors acted as stressors. The following was determined in the blood: the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, leukocyte blood picture (formula). Calculated: hemoglobin index (color index), hemoglobin content in 1 erythrocyte (pg) (MCH). To characterize the stage of stress, we used the integral hematological index of the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils – the leukocyte index. The results obtained were processed statistically.Results. The use of industrial production technology in the farm turned out to be stress-realizing for the boars of the main Poltava meat breed herd. Most of the examined boars of the herd (64.7±1.3 %) had, in these keeping conditions, in general, well-formed mechanisms for an adequate response of the adaptive potential, which manifested itself in maintaining the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood at the level of literary reference intervals. Under conditions of environmental and technological stress, with a probability of 95 %, the reference interval established by us in terms of the number of erythrocytes in the blood of boars in the control group was 5.63-7.12 x1012 /l, in terms of the amount of hemoglobin in the blood - 100.54-115 .65 g/l. After the “selection of animals” according to the “physiological” indicators of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the average values of erythrocyte indices in boars of the control group significantly decreased compared to the experimental group. In boars with a physiological level of provision of the oxygen budget of the body, the stress reaction took place without straining the functional capabilities of the body. A more stable, lower value of the volume index of neutrophils and lymphocytes variability level in the blood; a significantly higher, but not out of the literature reference intervals, content of monocytes and stab neutrophils in the blood was observed.Conclusion. The action of environmental and technological factors in boars undoubtedly leads to the development of a stress reaction and causes changes in the composition of the blood, both in the erythrocyte and leukocyte links. At the same time, the level and direction of adaptive reactions depend on the possibilities of providing the oxygen budget of the organism.
The study of the mammalian skin reveals a wide range of adaptations of animals and their organs to various conditions of existence.The aim of the work is to establish, on the basis of factual material, the morphological and functional features of the skin of wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa (Linnaeus 1758)) in conditions of adaptation to adverse natural and climatic factors.The skin samples of 6 adult individuals (males) of wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) caught in the autumn-winter period were studied. The morphometric parameters of the skin layers and their components were measured, based on the primary data, the total thickness of the skin and epidermis, the ratio of the outer and inner layers of the epidermis were calculated. The established absolute values of indicators (microns) were converted into relative values (%), the ratio of the stratum corneum and the underlying rows of the epidermis was found. The results obtained were processed using the Statistica (6.0) software package.In the studied animals, the skin is quite thick, with a wide variability of the indicator. We noted a well-developed epidermis in the skin of wild boars, its thickness averaged 72.99 microns. The stratum corneum, on average, reached a thickness of 36.13 microns (44.75-56.65% of total epidermis thickness), with a low level of variation (8.58%), which may be genetically deter mined. The dermis of the wild boars’ skin is well developed; it consists of densely packed, medium-sized bundles of collagen fibers that form ties with a heterogeneous binding, which indicates a high density and strength of the skin under mechanical stress and, possibly, is associated with sexual characteristics (the ability of the skin to withstand blows during fights) . Inclusions of adipose tissue were found in the lower layers of the dermis.The sebaceous glands are large, well developed, actively functioning in winter (as evidenced by the lipid mantle of the stratum corneum). A significant level of group variation was established, due to the wide individual variability of the indicators of functionally active structures (skin glands) in the studied animals, while the indicators of other derivatives of the epithelium – hair follicles, were distinguished by a very low level of variability.The data obtained allow us to conclude that the variability of the skin structure and its derivatives in wild boars have a certain significance in the process of adaptation to the effects of adverse climatic conditions, depending on the season of the year.
The article considers the issues of the peculiarities of how the technological stress influences the indicators of red blood cells in pigs. Clinically healthy animals were selected at the stage of mobilization of the development of stress response according to the principle of pairs of analogues: group I - breeding boars, group II - breeding sows. The oxygen budget of the body, determined by the indicators of red blood cells, during the development of a stress reaction in breeding pigs of “mature age” is also determined by their gender. Boars had average values of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in reference values, but the degree of saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin was lower than normal and lower than that of sows. This may indicate that boars experience a greater shortage of oxygen supply to the tissues. Sows, in general, are more stress-resistent, as evidenced by the values of the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils, as well as their erythrocyte indicators. They differed from boars by a significantly lower level of erythrocytes and the reference level of hemoglobin in all examined individuals. In sows, the indicator of erythrocyte saturation with hemoglobin was significantly higher than in boars.
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