The aim of the work was an investigation of the effect of hydrocarbons on bacterial and fungal cenoses of sod-podzolic soils on the territory adjacent to the oil storage in the village Malye Kolpany, Leningrad Region. NGS methods were used to analyze the taxonomic composition and structure of the bacteriocenosis and the method of direct microscopy by Demkina-Mirchink to determine the length of the fungal mycelium and the number of spores. Taxonomic and structural changes in the bacterial community led to the dominance of genera containing numerous species-oil destructors. It is established that the main role in the decomposition of oil in the investigated territorybelongs to prokaryotes related to the genera Pseudoxanthomonas, Methylobacterium and Nocardioides. Mycocenosis showed high sensitivity and low adaptability to oil contamination.