RESUMENLos anestésicos son fármacos potentes que no tienen un tiempo definido de uso, sin embargo, debido a las características predecibles de recuperación anestésica que poseen, y pese a que generan cambios drásticos en la función cardiovascular y respiratoria, son indispensables en medicina equina. Para lograr una anestesia balanceada combinamos el uso de diferentes fármacos intravenosos con un anestésico inhalatorio. Cual fármaco utilizar dependerá tanto del estado de salud general, como del tipo de procedimiento al que será sometido el paciente. Es por esto, que antes de someter a un paciente a anestesia, éste debe ser examinado cuidadosamente para así caracterizar su estado general. Para ello existe el sistema de clasificación ASA que permite determinar las consideraciones anestésicas y así poder disminuir los riesgos que conlleva dicho procedimiento. Es fundamental que mientras el paciente este anestesiado sea monitoreado constantemente, para así asegurar y controlar que tanto la función fisiológica, como la profundidad anestésica sean las adecuadas, lo que a su vez permitirá actuar a tiempo frente a las diversas complicaciones que se pudiesen presentar. La morbilidad y mortalidad en la anestesia equina es considerablemente mayor que en otras especies domésticas. Palabras claves: equino; anestesia inhalatoria; protocolos; complicaciones anestésicas. SUMMARYAnesthetic drugs are fundamental in surgical procedures due to their flexible time of use and predictable recovery times. However, they can generate drastic changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory function of horses. To achieve a balanced anesthesia, we use several intravenous drugs with an inhalation anesthetic. The decision of which drug to use will depend on the state of the general health, as well as the kind of procedure in which the patient will undergo. Therefore, before submitting a patient under anesthesia, we must do a complete physical exam and characterize their general state. For this purpose, there is the ASA classification system which allows to determinate the general condition of the patient and have the anesthetic considerations to lower the risk of each procedure. It is fundamental a constant monitoring of the patient while he is under anesthesia to ensure and control the physiological function and the appropriated anesthetic depth, as well as to act on time in front of the diverse complications that can present. Morbidity and mortality in equine anesthesia is considerably higher than in other domestic species.
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