The article highlights the trends of the present world, the informatization of society, the intensive development of innovative technologies entails a rethinking of values in art and language environment. Learning a language certainly includes considering a whole range of external circumstances in which it really develops and actively functions: the society that uses the language, its social structure, age difference between native speakers, social status, level of culture and education, place of residence, as well as differences in their speech behavior depending on the language situation. The relevance of the study is determined by the change in human consciousness during the postmodern cultural era, a feature of which is the rethinking of values, the definition of specific trends in the philosophical essence of the postmodern. The study presents the theoretical foundations of postmodern reflection in the social manifestation of speech. Postmodern forms a value attitude to progress as a single unchanging constant, formed throughout historical development. The article examines the conditions of equality of social factors between men and women who choose different strategies of speech behavior, manifested in the models of text construction, use of linguistic means, associations arising in both sexes as one of the aspects of postmodern semantic representation. In the course of the study the concept of "ethnicity" is defined, replacing the concept of "ethnos" and denoting the existence of separate ethnic groups. The study is based on the method of analysis and synthesis, the research, descriptive and scientific method was used to determine the postmodern aspect of the social factor of language variation. The results of the study are the basis for determining the social factor of speech in the context of postmodern society.

The article deals with antonomasia as a stylistic device of using proper name instead of a common noun or vice versa. The pragmatic effect of this trope in speech is emphasized. The types of antonomasia and different examples of it are also considered in the article. Perspectives of further research of this problem are defined.

In the history of any national culture, issues relating to human relationships, such as love and friendship, have always been and still remain of paramount importance. Aspects and the peculiarities of such relationships have always been the cause of misunderstandings among people. The phenomenon of love is still not fully understood. Therefore, the article explores the conceptual aspect of the love notion in English, the means of its verbalization and its main components. The love concept, which is verbalized by the means of contemporary English, is defined as a certain abstract unit that reproduces the centuries-old experience of the people in the form of various notions about this feeling. Love as a complex phenomenon of various spheres of human life has a high status in many disciplines of different cycles, therefore the study of this notion is relevant not only in lexicology or linguistics, but also in philosophy, ethics, sociology, and other sciences. Various linguistic means for representation of love in English have been studied and the main components of this notion have been identified. The main components of the notion of love have been defined, the expression of the notion in psychological texts has been analyzed, and duality as a conceptual feature of love has been described. Verbalized ideas about the inner world of a person who is the bearer of a particular culture have been considered. The notion of love has been investigated precisely from the linguistic side, also because the culture of love in the European space is primarily a verbal culture, which is closely linked to its verbal expression. There is every reason to believe that love is understood as one of the main aspects of human life and is recognized as one of the primary factors in human relationships, which is reflected in the language conceptualization. Thus, the conducted analysis allowed to reveal the versatility and multi-component character of the notion of love in the English language.

У статті було доведено важливість вживання скоромовок у формуванні фонетичної компетенції у процесі вивчення англійської мови. Визначено особливості формування фонетичної компетенції на різних етапах вивчення англійської мови; проаналізовано функціональне призначення скоромовок. Запропоновано перелік скоромовок, необхідних для розвитку фонетичної компетенції студентів-філологів. Ключові слова: іншомовна компетенція, комунікативна компетенція, фонетична компетенція, скоромовка, аудитивні тексти, орфоепічна правильність. The importance of the use of tonque twisters in the formation of phonetic competence in the process of learning English has been proved in the article. The peculiarities of the formation of phonetic competence at different stages of studying English have been determined; the functional purpose of tongue twisters have been analyzed. The list of tonque twisters necessary for the development of phonetic competence of students-philologists has been offered. It has been established that the basics of the formation of phonetic competence of students are laid on the initial stage of education of the secondary school, with further improvement at the secondary and senior levels. It has been noted that technologies of processing of English tonque twisters create favorable conditions for the effective formation of phonetic competence of younger students, facilitating the acquisition of difficult foreign language sounds. The use of English tonque twisters gives the possibility to pupils and students not only to effectively learn phonetic samples after repeated processing, but also diversifies their learning activities in the English language, enriches linguistic worldview, develops sociocultural competence.

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