Estuaries are subjected to continual environmental impacts from activities in the catchment areas. This research assessed the quality of two estuarine habitats located in Ilha do Maranhão, Brazil, through histological and genotoxic biomarkers in Centropomus undecimalis, comparing the data obtained to metal, physical, and chemical concentrations of water samples. The gill histological alterations were analyzed by the histological alteration index and genotoxic lesions in erythrocytes were detected by the Micronucleus Test. The analysis of metals revealed that all water samples contained at least two elements with concentrations higher than that allowed by the current Brazilian law. For gill histological analysis, snook of both areas assessed exhibited moderate lesions, indicating that the local fish are affected by environmental stress. Micronucleus analysis of snook showed that the Bacanga river basin is the most affected. In addition to assessing the health of commercial fish populations, the information about the biomarkers used for the species can serve to contribute to the preparation and/or application of health assessment models and implementation of environmental recovery policies for coastal aquatic environments.
Biomarcadores histológicos em brânquias de peixes na avaliação da contaminação ambiental do rio Mearim, nordeste brasileiroHistological biomarkers in fish gills in the assessment of environmental contamination of the Mearim river, northeastern Brazil
A ecotoxicologia aquática analisa os efeitos adversos dos poluentes químicos na biota, utilizando-se de animais nos ensaios laboratoriais. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se analisar a adequação dos ensaios laboratoriais realizados com organismos aquáticos com base nos princípios dos 3 R. Foram realizadas revisões de 20 artigos sobre ecotoxicologia aquática, publicados no período de 2010 a 2014. A análise verificou o número de animais utilizados nos ensaios ecotoxicológicos, aclimatação, aprovação da pesquisa por comitê de ética e uso de anestésicos. Os resultados indicam que os princípios de refinamento e substituição, do programa dos 3R, foram os que mais ocorreram nas pesquisas, porém a maioria delas não citou aprovação dos protocolos experimentais por um comitê de ética nem o uso de anestésicos nos organismos durante os experimentos. As pesquisas publicadas indicam a necessidade de redução do número de organismos nos bioensaios, bem como a aplicação dos princípios bioéticos na experimentação realizada com organismos aquáticos.
Biomarcadores histológicos em brânquias de peixes na avaliação da contaminação ambiental do Rio Mearim, Nordeste brasileiro Histological biomarkers in fish gills in the assessment of environmental contamination of the Mearim river, Northeastern Brazil
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