No abstract

Доведено, що при зміні параметрів розподілу пасажиропотоку між автомобільними та залізничними маршрутними мережами середні кількісні значення середньої довжини маршруту та середньої мережевої дальності поїздки змінюються менш ніж на 0,01%, а коефіцієнт передачі залишається без змін. Визначено, що зміна швидкості їзди є таким фактором, який не впливає на кількісні значення кількості переміщень у мережі, коефіцієнта передачі, середньої відстані поїздки. При цьому доведено існування поліноміальної залежності середнього коефіцієнта використання пасажиромісткості та кількості автобусів від швидкості руху маршруту/мережі. Функції перерозподілу обсягів перевезень щодо будь-якого маршруту різними видами транспорту при незмінній сумарній кількості переміщень зумовлює збільшення кількості перевезених пасажирів, транспортної роботи маршрутної мережі, середнього коефіцієнта пас. місткість, кількість транспортних засобів. Таким чином отримано послідовність і зміст досліджень раціональних параметрів міжміської пасажирської системи, які можуть бути використані при аналогічній формалізації дії зазначеної системи при розгляді систем міжнародних маршрутів. У той же час транспортні системи ряду країн можуть модульно складати загальну систему території, об'єднану за будь-яким принципом.

This article is a continuation of research on the use of qualimetric methods to manage the quality of technical preparation for passing the main stages of the product life cycle. Product quality continues to be the main factor in competition on world markets. The higher the quality of a specific product, the higher the probability of its advancement in the market segment. The quality of products is determined not only by the quality of manufacturing (production), but also by other stages of the life cycle of products, including the stages of selecting parameters of the technical task for its design, manufacturing and further, including the stage of disposal. The choice of product parameters for the technical task for its design and manufacture must be strictly justified and take into account the best parameters and characteristics of products of the appropriate purpose existing on the market. The use of qualitative methods makes it possible to more reasonably choose options for numerous technical problems during the implementation of projects related to transport equipment. The results of the technical preparation of the production, performed in accordance with the technical task, must correspond to the goals of the production. The article provides a systematization of the properties of transport equipment and shows examples of the formation of priority trees of properties for various target optimization of production preparation. A synthesized mathematical model of quality management of technical preparation of production, which allows to maximize the complex indicator of process quality with the help of target optimization. The algorithm for using the developed model is presented, it provides the possibility of its use when choosing properties prioritized for target optimization, structural and technological solutions and production technological processes at all stages.

In the era of Industry 4.0, human-machine systems have become highly complex and contain a large number of elements and sources of information. It increases the complexity of human-machine system management, which leads to the manifestation of the human factor phenomenon. The consequence is that currently, 70% to 90% of accidents and disasters are related to the human factor. Therefore, the safety of human-machine systems largely depends on human abilities, cognitive, behavioral, and psycho-physiological features. It is shown that the study of individual characteristics of a person will allow the management of the human factor in the human-machine system. The crucial point of human factor management is the availability of systemic ergonomic thinking in the designer of the human-machine system. The formation of such thinking is connected with learning and the gradual acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skills. To understand the principles of ergonomic thinking formation, the evolution of ergonomic thinking in the design of human-machine systems is shown. Due to analysis of the sequence of ergonomic thought development, it is shown how approaches to ensuring the safety of human-machine systems have been rethought from the middle of the 20th century until now. Currently, the global social processes and technologies of Industry 4.0 have fundamentally changed the concept of “work”, parameters of the labour market, and safety requirements and caused the emergence of a new model of the labour paradigm “Work 4.0”, which, in turn, became the driver of the revision of the concept of “workplace” established in society and the emergence of the digital workplace. The article presents the definition of a “digital workplace” and analyses its essential characteristics. The next stage of the work was a model of the structure of the engineer’s ergonomic thinking, the main feature of which is the priority of solving the problems of human-machine interaction. The work also shows that ergonomic thinking is one of the elements of safety culture. In combination with other elements such as a human-centered approach, ecological thinking and others, ergonomic thinking creates a space of a safety culture. Based on the presented results, the importance of engineers’ ergonomic thinking is substantiated. It is shown how to implement the formation of ergonomic thinking through the training system.

Problem. The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of product quality management. The problem of the quality and safety of the operation of vehicles is considered from three angles. The first is directly the problem of the quality and reliability of vehicles as products. Therefore, a quantitative assessment of the quality of a wheeled vehicle is an urgent task and will be discussed in the article. The second aspect is the human-machine interaction in the "man - car - road - environment" system and directly the quality of the human performer driving the car. This aspect depends immediately on the ergonomic qualities of the car. The third aspect concerns the quality of the society and the issues that affect the quality of a quality vehicle designer. Goal. The main purpose of the research is to substantiate the methodological foundations of vehicle quality management as a product. The practical purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the quality, reliability and safety of wheeled vehicles. Methodology. The paper considers groups of product quality characteristics. The possibility of a comprehensive qualitative assessment of the quality of vehicles is determined. The relevance of such an assessment is due to the wide variety of vehicles, the improvement of their technical characteristics against the backdrop of a slower development of the characteristics of the environment in which they are used. Another important circumstance is slow development of methods for assessing the quality of vehicles, which makes it difficult to choose the best option in accordance with the goals of their operation. Originality. The paper shows an extensive range of vehicle properties. A technique for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of vehicles is proposed. An assumption is made about the representation of quality indicators in a multidimensional space, in which each dimension corresponds to a certain group of properties. Practical value. To improve the objectivity of a comprehensive assessment, a number of units of property characteristics are described that have a metric dimension and are based on the physical and material representation of actions. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop and refine the methodology for a comprehensive quantitative assessment of quality in the area under research.