Curcumin is the primary polyphenol in turmeric’s curcuminoid class. It has a wide range of therapeutic applications, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anticancer effects against various cancers, but has poor solubility and low bioavailability. Objective: To improve curcumin’s bioavailability, plasma concentration, and cellular permeability processes. The nanocurcumin approach over curcumin has been proven appropriate for encapsulating or loading curcumin (nanocurcumin) to increase its therapeutic potential. Conclusion: Though incorporating curcumin into nanocurcumin form may be a viable method for overcoming its intrinsic limitations, and there are reasonable concerns regarding its toxicological safety once it enters biological pathways. This review article mainly highlights the therapeutic benefits of nanocurcumin over curcumin.

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Historical urban parks are particularly valuable in terms of their ecology, as they offer habitats to many valuable flora and fauna. A study was conducted in Felin Manor Park, Lublin, southeastern Poland, dating back to the end of the nineteenth and the first half of twentieth century. The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of this type of urban park for the proecological design of urban green areas that will comply with the legal requirements for historic gardens. The investigation demonstrate that long-living native tree species (e.g., <em>Tilia cordata</em>, <em>Quercus robur</em>, and <em>Fraxinus excelsior</em>) are the best preserved plants in this park. The dendroflora of the park is, however, characterized by a great variety of species flowering between early spring and fall. These reward species ensure continuity of the food base for insects throughout the vegetation season. A floristic inventory facilitated development of a concept for the restoration of the park combining cultural (historical, educational) and ecological functions. <em>Tilia cordata</em> was used for line planting arrangements along the park boundary. It is a component of the alley design along the driveway and is one of the most valuable nectar reward species. The survey allowed the definition of future design guidelines, i.e., the preservation of the historical park structures (formed by long-living native species) and complementation of the park dendroflora with species that are attractive for bees and other insect pollinators. To supplement their food base, it is recommended that a “bee garden” with herbaceous reward plants should be created.

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Artykuł ma formę pracy przeglądowej, której celem jest zaprezentowanie historii i dawnych technik uprawy roślin z rodzaju Citrus L. w Europie, w tym w Polsce. Metodyka badawcza polegała na analizie materiałów archiwalnych, obejmujących historyczne traktaty z zakresu ogrodnictwa i rolnictwa. Należą do nich rozprawy powstałe na przestrzeni XVI-XVIII w. m.in. autorstwa: G. B. Ferrariego, J. Commelina, J. van der Groena, J. Ch. Volkamera, J. S. Elsholtza, oraz W. Sierakowskiego, A. P. Jabłonowskiej czy J. K. Kluka. Opisano nowożytne dzieje hodowli roślin cytrusowych w Europie oraz przedstawione w traktatach metody, obejmujące uprawę w gruncie oraz w pojemnikach i sposoby zimowania. Scharakteryzowano także rodzaje wznoszonych w tym celu drewnianych i murowanych oranżerii oraz wykorzystywanych donic.