The purpose of the article is to clarify the concept of “personal data” and identify a list of information that can be classified as personal, as well as to develop an algorithm to improve the legal protection of personal data in Ukraine and implementation of the European Court of Human Rights’(ECtHR) decisions into national legislation. The fundamental method of research of this issue is a comparative method. The article, based on the analysis of Ukrainian and European law and the ECtHR practice, presents a list of information that can be classified as personal, as well as proposed procedures for improving the legal mechanism of personal data protection in Ukraine and implementation of decisions ECtHR into national law. The list of data that can be classified as personal is not exhaustive, but will allow both lawyers and ordinary citizens to better navigate within the field of protection of personal rights and provide an opportunity to protect their rights in case of their violation. The legal grounds for the implementation and protection of personal data are identified. Further directions of the system of personal data protection improvement are outlined.