The pancreatic surgery field has evolved greatly over the previous years. Nevertheless, the vascularization of the pancreas remains a difficult subject and requires further attention. The study was conducted using macroscopical dissection and corrosion cast methods. The total number of organ blocks was 72 (50 for dissection and 22 for corrosion cast). Based on the data obtained by dissection, we can distinguish three major types of vascularization of the distal pancreas. In type one, the pancreas was vascularized only by the short branches of the splenic artery and was encountered in 18 cases (36%). In type two, the pancreas was vascularized by the long and short branches of the splenic artery and was encountered in 20 cases (40%). In type three, the pancreas was vascularized only by the long branches of the splenic artery in 12 cases (24%). Compared to that, the corrosion cast method demonstrated type 1 in 8 cases (36.36%), type 2 in 10 cases (45.46%), and type 3 in 4 cases (18.18%). During the dissection, there were no arteries to the tail of the pancreas in 13 (26%) cases, one artery in 15 (30%) cases, two arteries in 19 (38%), and three arteries in three (6%) cases. The 22 corrosion cast specimens were also evaluated based on the classification of Roman Ramos and coworkers. Type I (small arcades) was in 9 (40.90%) cases, type II (small and large arcades) was in 7 (31.82%) cases, type III (large arcades) was in 5 (22.73%) cases, and type IV (straight branches) was in 1 (4.55%) case. The corrosion cast method allowed us to determine no arteries to the tail in 4 (18.18%) cases, one artery in 6 (27.27%) cases, two arteries in 10 (45.46%) cases and three arteries in two (9.09%) cases. The vascularization of the distal part of the pancreas is highly variable and should be taken into consideration during surgery.

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In this article we present a rare variant in which the large intestine was vascularized by the inferior mesenteric artery. It was encountered during macro and microscopic dissection of the cadaver of a 63-year-old woman at a university department of human anatomy. In this case, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon and rectum were vascularized by the inferior mesenteric artery, whereas the small intestine, cecum and appendix were supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.

Anomalies and variants of development of the pancreas are relatively frequent. Bifid pancreas tail is a rare developmental variant an there are only a few case descriptions in the literature. There were also no reports of significant vascular variations associated with bifid pancreas tail. We present a case of a bifid pancreas tail associated with superior horizontal pancreatic artery of Popova encountered during an anatomical dissection of a 64 years old male cadaver with a detailed analysis of the vascularization of the gland and its ductal system morphology.Keywords: bifid pancreas tail, superior horizontal pancreatic artery of Popova, pancreas blood supply.Cite as Covantev S, Mazuruc N, Belic O. Bifid pancreas tail and superior horizontal pancreatic artery of Popova: an unusual duet.

The advances of our knowledge of the anatomical structure of the liver led to the development of complicated interventional procedures, which have became more widely used in the last decades. Accessory liver fissures are a frequent anomaly that can lead to complications during diagnostic and surgical procedures. In our article, we present a description of two cases of accessory liver fissures and a review of their clinical significance.