No abstract

IAO is significantly superior to sequential periocular-intravenous topotecan-containing regimens in eyes with relapsed intraocular retinoblastoma with a more favorable toxicity profile.

No abstract

Our results suggest that the use of bevacizumab is safe for the youngest children.

The structure of production (value added) underwent a transformation away from agriculture and to industry before the global financial crisis and to services after the crisis. • Armenia faces a challenging demographic situation due to falling fertility rates, aging of the population and large outmigration, all of which put pressures on productive job creation. • The structural transformation away from agriculture has not translated to higher net job creation or a transformation of the structure of jobs. More than 90 percent of self-employment in Armenia is own-account work, with individuals working for themselves and without employees. While self-employment as a category can encompass a range of situations from high-growth entrepreneurs to subsistence work, the vast majority of self-employment in Armenia is own-account work. This points to the small-scale, subsistence nature of the work rather than to truly entrepreneurial activities. Employers and unpaid family workers make up only one and two percent, respectively, of total employment in Armenia, which amounts to less than 10 percent of all self-employment. Own-account work is at least partly a result of push factors and lack of access to better jobs. Almost half (46 percent) of own-account workers reported that they would like to change their current employment status, compared to 27 percent of wage workers. The vast majority of these own-account workers said they would like to change to improve their earnings. Not all self-employment is involuntary distress work. Working for oneself can offer significant advantages, among them profits, if entrepreneurial activities go well, and freedom to organize one's activities. In Armenia, 3 percent of self-employed are employers and only 7 percent of these said they would like to change their employment status, a much smaller share than among wage employees. Women and men are equally likely to be self-employed, although youth are less likely to be self-employed than older workers. The share of wage employment is very similar for men and women (59 and 62 percent, respectively). The share of wage employment is slightly higher (66 percent) for youth ages 15-24 than it is for workers in the 25-64 age group 60 percent). However, women are less likely to be self-employed in the non-agricultural sector than are men (5 versus 14 percent). Unsurprisingly, young people are somewhat more likely than older workers to be unpaid family workers (9 versus 2 percent), and none of them are employers. A majority of workers, whether wage workers or self-employed, are engaged in very small activities. The average scale of activities where Armenians are working is very small, even when the wage employed are included. Two-thirds of the employed work in microenterprise activities with fewer than 10 people employed, and as many as 58 percent of these work in activities where five or 5 or fewer people are employed.