Osteochondropathies are degenerative and dystrophic diseases affecting various parts of the spongy bones. They are one of the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents, leading to disability in the absence of early diagnosis and timely treatment. Despite the fact that the etiology is currently insufficiently studied, there are many modern methods of diagnosing this pathology. Diagnostic radiology techniques are successfully used in modern medicine, but have both advantages and disadvantages. We review literature on radiology techniques for osteochondropathies diagnostic, such as radiography, ultrasound diagnostics, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and some others. We analyze the results of the study of various researchers in this field and make the relevant conclusions. According to most researchers, the examination of patients with suspected osteochondropathy should begin with ultrasound examination. Osteodensitometry, perfusion magnetic resonance imaging, and pneumoarthrography can be used as auxiliary research methods in case of difficulties in making a diagnosis.

A review of the literature on the early diagnosis of lung cancer, prepared based on the results of the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, which are published in electronic media. The literature was searched in the Elibrary system, including publications describing the current capabilities of laboratory, instrumental, and molecular genetic methods for early diagnosis of lung cancer. The review highlights the results of an international randomized trials of screening for lung cancer.

Modern methods of radiodiagnostics in traumatology practice require a doctor to conduct high-level examinations and accurate diagnosis of pelvic injuries in patients. For the purpose of an integrated approach X-ray analysis, multispiral computed tomography, ultrasound diagnostics are necessary. The review article provides a comparison of the optimal tactical approach for primary radiodiagnostics, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Multispiral computed tomography is the main method of visualization, both at the stage of diagnosis and as a control study during the selection of therapeutic measures. To obtain the highest quality and complete diagnostic information for severe injuries of the pelvis and intra-pelvic organs, we consider methodological aspects and requirements for protocols for multispiral computed tomography. Material for the analysis and writing of the review are national and foreign medical literature, as well as electronic databases eLIBRARY, PubMed. The bibliographic search was carried out for 1989–2021.

Injury of the cervical spine is an important medical and social problem due to the tendency to increase number and severity of injuries and high disability of patients. According to various sources, the incidence of injuries in this area is about 55 % of all spinal injuries. In addition, the diagnosis of injuries of the cervical spine is often difficult due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the cervical spine, fixing devices, as well as the forced position of the patient. Therefore, it is important to have an idea of various research methods for the timely, competent construction of a diagnostic algorithm in case of suspected injury to the cervical spine and the early start of therapeutic measures. Presented literature review provides information on modern techniques of diagnostic radiology for injuries of the cervical spine. Such methods as radiography, computed tomography, CT myelography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used in modern medicine individually or in combination to diagnose injuries of the cervical spine of various nature. We describe their advantages, disadvantages and possibilities of complex use in diagnostics.

We presented an overview of domestic and foreign studies on the diagnosis of renal malignancies published in publicly available electronic specialized medical publications. Taking into account that every year the share of oncological diseases in the structure of the total incidence is constantly growing, and that cancer is one of the main causes of death and disability in the working age population, currently, the search for new diagnostic methods to detect kidney tumors still remains a pressing problem located at the junction of several medical disciplines, in particular, oncology, urology, radiation diagnostics and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, the diagnosis of malignant kidney neoplasms has undergone significant changes and has stepped far forward. Because of that the ability to detect the disease in the early stages of development increases. In the study, we examined the most widespread methods, methods that have already lost relevance, as well as new methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography ultrasonography, radiography, etc. We also considered the possibilities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms.