These data suggest the need for systematic review of vaccine-preventable incidents to examine the effect of exemptors, increased surveillance of the number of exemptors and cases among them, and research to determine the reasons why individuals claim exemptions.

These data do not suggest an association between MMR immunization among young children and an increase in autism occurrence.

In this population, hepatitis A vaccine was highly effective in preventing disease among recipients. Childhood vaccination appears to have decreased hepatitis A incidence among children and adults and controlled the disease in a community with recurrent epidemics.

High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) of individual spots on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) slides can now be obtained quickly and easily at atmospheric pressure, with zero sample preparation, using commercially available instrumentation. The method is complementary to GC-mass spectrometry but is not limited to compounds of high volatility and high thermal stability. TLC-HRMS can be used to monitor chemical reactions in real time and has the capacity thereby to accelerate significantly the pace of synthetic organic chemistry.

The elimination of endemic measles from the United States has been a national goal since the introduction of measles vaccine, and measles surveillance has been crucial to guide the elimination efforts. The United States surveillance system is geared towards detection of measles virus transmission, rapid discovery of measles outbreaks to facilitate outbreak control, and identification of risk factors for measles. The surveillance system is a passive reporting system that, when activated by a reported case of suspected measles, triggers a search for additional cases around the reported case. Cases are typically reported by health care providers or from schools and day care centers. The sensitivity of the system is increased through reporting and investigation of all suspected measles cases by means of an inclusive case definition (generalized maculopapular rash and fever), and the specificity is increased through laboratory testing for measles of all suspected cases.