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therapy for 24 weeks. The control group received oral NTX treatment either at home (50 mg daily observed by family) or in clinic (550 mg weekly dose divided over three days) and behavioral therapy. The primary outcome was time until dropout as a proxy for relapse. The secondary outcome was opioid use confirmed by opioid-positive urine test. Time to dropout for XR-NTX was twice as long as oral NTX (HR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4). Rate of retention was significantly greater over 24 weeks for XR-NTX versus oral NTX (P5.03; see TABLE ). No difference was noted between groups in the proportion of opioid-positive urine tests. Limitations included a lack of objective data to confirm relapse. All study participants received intensive therapy, which limited generalizability.

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