ObjectiveImproving the patient-physician relationship through patient involvement in the care may lead to improved patient safety and better health outcomes. There exists a gap in knowledge in identifying factors that affect self-reported patient involvement in individualized treatment plans. The objectives of this study were to 1) describe patients’ perceptions of their involvement in the creation and implementation of their treatment plans and 2) determine if patient involvement varied by medical condition or demographic characteristics.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the “Quality of Care” module of the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The individuals of HRS surveys were older than 50 years. One-way analyses of variance were conducted to determine differences between patient characteristics and involvement in creating a treatment plan. A linear regression was conducted to determine predictors of the summed involvement score.ResultsAverage summed scores for each domain (shared decision-making, counseling, and follow-up) and overall involvement scores were ~50%. Linear regression showed that being non-White, older age, and diagnosed with a psychiatric condition or diabetes were predictors of increased self-reported involvement in the development and communication of a patient’s treatment plan.ConclusionAge, race, and having diabetes or a psychiatric condition were the major predictors affecting patient involvement in care, although overall involvement in care was low for all groups.Practice implicationsPatient involvement in care was lower than expected and should be further studied to determine the effects of involvement on health outcomes.