Introduction. Since February 24, the day of the full-scale invasion, Telegram channels have become extremely popular in Ukraine. At the same time, Russian propagandists continued to use this social network to spread disinformation and sow panic. Relevance and purpose. Nowadays, it is very important to monitor the quality of the content distributed in Telegram, in particular, compliance with the reliability standard – the presence of clear references to verified sources. The purpose of the study is to develop a semi-automated method of analyzing the posts of the most popular regional Telegram channels to identify unreliable links and rumors. On the material of one of the most popular regional telegram channels of Odesa, «Odessa Info», the application of the algorithm for detecting unreliable news sources and rumors was demonstrated. Methodology. To obtain the results, the method of analyzing the posts of Telegram channels for compliance with journalistic standards was used. The research combined automated data processing (searching for violations of the standard by keywords) and manual (analyzing the found posts by the researcher). Results. As a result, it was found that for July-September 2022, keywords indicating the use of information from readers, unreliable links and rumors were contained in 11.3% of posts. The majority of messages that contained the keywords (42.6%) are not checked by the Telegram channel in any way. Only in 11.9% it was professional journalistic work – that is, a clear reference either to an official source (operational command, police, president), or to a quality mass media, an expert, etc. Conclusions. Thus, in the vast majority of cases, the information provided by the Telegram channel is of poor quality. Content coming from readers, or rumors and speculation, in the vast majority of cases is either not verified, or is verified in violation of the methods of professional journalism.

The study aims to compare leading newsmakers’ and news sources’ usage in a professional mass media and a Telegram channel. The computer-assisted method of news processing was used. As a result, we discovered that audiences of both professional mass media and new media consume the same content in different forms, and they deal with mostly the same newsmakers, with more considerable attention towards personalities for the Telegram channel and with more quotes from other mass media and accurate references for the online mass media. Therefore, we concluded that the general observation about the coexistence of professional and new media, where the former publishes classic “hard” news and the latter entertains people with information, may be questioned.

В статье представлена история и содержание принципа «симфонии» отношений Церкви и государства, который впервые был сформулирован святым Юстинианом Великим в VI новелле. Принцип «симфонии» является идеалом, к которому следует стремиться, но который вряд ли достижим на практике. Об этом свидетельствует, в частности, тот факт, что сам святой Юстиниан занимался церковным правотворчеством. В настоящем исследовании проведён сравнительный анализ принципа «симфонии» святого Юстиниана и современного конституционного принципа отделения религиозных объединений от государства (ст. 14 Конституции России 1993 г.). Несмотря на то, что в современном принципе указан термин «отделение» вместо «симфония», содержательно его можно охарактеризовать как сотрудничество религиозных объединений и государства без вмешательства в исключительную компетенцию друг друга, то есть принцип, похожий в своей основе на принцип отношений симфонии Церкви и государства, с исторической поправкой на то, что изначальный принцип симфонии был сформулирован для православного государства. Иными словами, отношения симфонии были не со всеми «религиозными объединениями», а только с Церковью. Однако сегодня, учитывая особый статус Православия в истории и культуре России как государства, его косвенного закрепления в ст. 67.1 Конституции России, возложения государством на Церковь роли основного духовно­нравственного воспитателя, поддержку проповеди, сотрудничество Церкви и государства в области образования, культуры, семьи и т. д., можно говорить о том, что идёт постепенный возврат к принципу юстиниановской симфонии, но с учётом современных реалий. The article presents the history and content of the principle of “symphony” of relations between the Church and the state, which was first formulated by St. Justinian the Great in the VI novella. The principle of “symphony” is an ideal to be pursued, but hardly achievable in practice. This is evidenced, in particular, by the fact that Saint Justinian himself was engaged in church law-making. This study provides a comparative analysis of the principle of the “symphony” of St. Justinian and the modern constitutional principle of the separation of religious associations from the state (Article 14 of the Constitution of Russia 1993). Despite the fact that the modern principle specifies the term “separation” instead of “symphony”, meaningfully it can be characterized as cooperation between religious associations and the state without interference in the exclusive competence of each other, that is, a principle similar in its basis to the principle of relations between a symphony of the Church and state, with the historical amendment that the original principle of the symphony was formulated for the Orthodox state. In other words, the relationship of the symphony was not with all “religious associations”, but only with the Church. However, today, given the special status of Orthodoxy in the history and culture of Russia as a state, its indirect consolidation in Art. 67.1 of the Constitution of Russia, the state imposing on the Church the role of the main spiritual and moral educator, support for preaching, cooperation between the Church and the state in the field of education, culture, family, etc., we can say that there is a gradual return to the principle of the Justinian Symphony, but taking into account modern realities.

Introduction. In 2019, a new version of spelling was approved in Ukraine. However, Ukrainian mass media experiences some problems with the new norms. Meanwhile, the correct usage of language in mass media is extremely important, because journalistic texts have a large audience and can be used by readers as a certain model. Thus, it’s important to discover specifics of new norms usage in online mass media to understand the level of the norms compliance. Relevance and purpose. The purpose of the article is to propose an algorithm for computer analysis of texts, which allows to investigate compliance with new spelling norms by leading Ukrainian online media, as well as to determine whether the situation in the media changes over time. This study is relevant, because a comprehensive study of the new language norms usage in online massmedia is lacking, scientists focused their attention on individual norms and the number of texts in sample wasn’t large. Methodology. Computer analysis: with Python programs more than 8 thousand news items were collected from the leading online media. Vocabularies with old and new language norms were designed. Comparative analysis: usage of foreign components, variable spelling changes, spelling of the international sites and Internet resources, spelling of certain words were compared in the mass media in 2019 and 2021. Results. It was determined that the authors of the publications did not adapt to the variable spelling changes. Regarding mandatory changes, problems were observed with the spelling of the names of international websites and Internet resources, as well as some words. The situation with the use of feminine forms was the most stable. Spelling of words with the first foreign component, as well as with part «half/piv-» was observed in two versions: old and new spelling. Conclusions. The situation with the new spelling in Ukrainian online media is improving over time, although the acceptance of the new norms is still very slow. Moreover, this situation is observed precisely in the segment of quality Ukrainian media, which adhere to professional standards and are an example for many journalists to follow. With this in mind, we recommend that the editors of the online mass-media take measures to improve the situation.

ExclusivE nEws on local sitEs: contEnt quality and mEthods of gathEring information In the new media era all over the world local mass media are facing financial problems, staff reduction, circulation as well as advertisement market decline. Herewith content quality became questionable, and the number of exclusive news declines. However, such news is important, because the public have the opportunity to get first-hand information with proper verification. On the example of two oldest Odessa news sites («Reporter» and «dumskaya») for 2005-2014 the low level of news exclusivity on local news sites is demonstrated (the average number of exclusive news is 7-12 %). Additionally journalists rarely check information at the scene. The situation with local news sites of other regions is quite similar. Internet mass media give preference to texts, which are convenient for the fast processing: scheduled events and reprints. This situation raises questions about the social functions performance, local news sites rarely criticize or control local authorities, thus, community engagement remains weak.