Annotation. The purpose is сlarification of patterns of age-related changes in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), α-amylase, alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AP ) in tissues of different parts of the cecum in piglets of large white breed, in different phases of nutrition of the early postnatal period of systemic genesis of pig. Methods. Enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically (UV-1800) and using a set of reagents from the OJSC Vital Development Corporation, St. Petersburg. The activity of the enzymes AsAT and AlAT was determined by the method of Wrightman and Frenkel, GGT – by the unified colorimetric method at the “end point”. The α-amylase activity was measured by the method of Karavei. The level of AP, AlP was determined by the Bessey – Lowry – Brock method. Results. The degree of structural and chemical changes in the tissues of the cecum in piglets is high in the early phases of the postnatal period, during the first four months of life. They are especially pronounced in transitional phases of nutrition. The most intense age-related changes in metabolic processes in the tissues of the cecum in piglets were revealed between the milk and colostrum and first milk, between the first and second milk, between the third milk and milk-definitive, as well as between the first and second definitive phases. The timing of stabilization of the activity of individual enzymes in the tissues of the cecum is determined. They are detected in piglets in the later phases of feeding. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the nature and intensity of age-related changes in the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, α-amylase, acidic and alkaline phosphatases in tissues of different parts of the cecum in growing piglets were revealed.

Abstract. The study is aimed at identifying the nature and intensity of age-related changes in the activity of AsAT and AlAT enzymes under a load of “Proserin” in the tissues of the triceps brachii, pectoralis major muscle, rectus abdominis, gluteus and calf muscles in guinea pigs grown under the conditions of the Scientific and Educational Center “Studencheskiy” of FSBEI HE “Chuvash State Agricultural Academy”. Methodology and methods: The activity of the enzymes AsAT and AlAT was determined by the universal method of S. Wrightman and S. Frenkel (1957) in the modification of V. V. Menshikov (1977) by the spectrophotometric method in the scientific laboratory of Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. Statistical reliability was determined by Student's criterion according to R. Kh. Tukshaitov (2001). Results and scope: analysis of changes in the activity of the enzymes aspartate and alanine aminotransferases indicates that during loading by introducing “Proserin” in the tissues of skeletal muscles, regular changes in all studied parameters with certain features depending on the age of the animal and the type of skeletal muscle are detected. The consistency of changes in the studied parameters in guinea pigs of different ages is manifested in the fact that, under experimental conditions, an increase in the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes in the tissues of skeletal muscles is detected. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that under conditions of functional load it was revealed that changes in the activity of these enzymes are associated with muscle growth and development in the postnatal period, including various alternating phases of improving the structural and functional organization of organs and the body as a whole.

The purpose of the study is improvement of various in in animals body systems in separate development phases of postnatal ontogenesis. To achieve this goal, we have studied the regularities of age-related changes in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the tissues of the muscles biceps and triceps brachii, quadriceps femoris, gluteus and gastrocnemius muscles of the extremities in rabbits in different phases.Used gray giant breed rabbits at the age 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days. Age groups were formed according to the principle of unique, taking into account gender, body weight, type of nervous system and general condition. The animal muscle tissue samples were removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen for further research. The activity of gamma glutamyl transferase was determined by photocolorimetric and spectrophotometric methods in the scientific laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Ecology of the Academy. The resalts show the nature of age-related changes of the enzyme levels in the tissues of the biceps and triceps the first forty-five days of life is about the same. But it should be noted that the increase or decrease intensity of GGT activity in the tissues during this lifetime differs. In the rest of the studied periods of life the nature of the activity of the enzyme in the biceps and shoulder triceps is different. The most intensive changes in the GGT level in the tissues of the biceps is detected from two-month to three-month age (increased 2.7 times, p<0.001) in the tissues of the triceps – from forty-five daily to two months (increased 3.9 times) and from three-months to four-months (increased 3.0 times, p<0.001). The character of changes of enzyme activity in the tissues of thigh quadriceps at different age rabbits differs from that of the rest of the studied muscles. The most intensive GGT activity changes from twenty-four to thirty days age (increased 4.0 times, p<0.001). Age-related changes in GGT level in the tissues of the gluteus and calf muscles are basically the same. The difference is found only in the first six days of rabbits` life. Enzyme level in rabbits in the tissues of the gluteus maximus during the first six days increased by 91.0%, p<0.05, and in the tissues of the calf muscle, it falls to 27.3%, p<0.05.

The purpose of the study is improving different body systems of animals in separate development phases of postnatal ontogenesis. To achieve this goal we studied the patterns of age-related changes of the activity of aspartate aminotransferase in the tissues of the duodenum of rabbits in different phases. Used rabbits breed gray giant at the age 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days. The duodenum was divided into three parts: proximal, medial and distal. In every part of the duodenum was isolated two layers: mucous and muscle. In their studies of early postnatal life of rabbits was divided into phases. The studies show that due to changes in the structure and function of the muscular and mucous layers of the mucous membrane of the duodenum, due to changes in the composition and amount of food the activity of the enzyme varies. The activity of AST in the tissues of the mucous and muscle layers of the proximal, medial and distal parts of the duodenum at the age 1 day of rabbits in the colostrum nutrition phase, compared with other age groups, relatively low. In the first six days of life, in colostrum nutrition phase, the enzyme activity increases significantly. To twelve daily age rabbits, in the first dairy feeding phase, the activity of AST also increased significantly. Subsequently, the daily age of eighteen, in the second phase of dairy feeding, the activity of AST decreased significantly in the tissues of both layers ofthe proximal, medial and distal parts of the duodenum. Fromthedailyage of eighteen of rabbits in the tissues mucous layer of the proximal, medial and distal parts and in muscle layer of the distal part of the duodenum, the activity of AST is stabilized. In the muscle layer of the proximal and medial parts of the gut in subsequent phases of feeding rabbits the nature and intensity of age-related changes in activity of AST are slightly different. These distinctive features in the muscle layer of the mentioned parts of the duodenum, possibly associated with peculiarities of generation of their structure. Thus, the most intensive processes of transamination of aminoacids with the participation of aspartate aminotransferase in the examined tissues are seen in rabbits at early stages of postnatal period, toeighteendayold.

Чувашская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия ул. Карла Маркса, 29, Чебоксары, Чувашская Республика, 428003 В статье представлены результаты исследований активности аспартатаминотрансферазы, аланинаминотрансферазы, α-амилазы, щелочной и кислой фосфатаз в тканях наружной и внутренней ободочных кишок у поросят крупной белой породы, выращенных в условиях свинокомплекса. Установлены характер и интенсивность возрастных изменений у хрячков и хрячков-кастратов в возрасте 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90, 120 и 180 суток. В тканях наружной ободочной кишки наиболее ин-тенсивные возрастные изменения активности АлАТ выявляются в молозивно-молочной (уменьша-ется на 40,4%) и в третьей молочной (увеличивается в 1,6 раза) фазах питания; уровень АсАТ фазы питания как молозивно-молочная (уменьшается на 42,3%) и третья дефинитивная (возрастает в 1,5 раза); активность α-амилазы -в молочно-молозивной фазе (повышается в 2,5 раза); активно-сти ЩФ -во второй (увеличивается в 1,9 раза) и в третьей фазах молочного питания (снижается на 50,1%) и в первой фазе дефинитивного питания (возрастает в 1,9 раза). В тканях внутренней обо-дочной кишки изменения активности ферментов: АлАТ обнаруживаются в первой молочной (падает на 61,9%), в третьей молочной (увеличивается в 1,6 раза) и в первой дефинитивной (повышается в 2,4 раза) фазах питания; АсАТ -в первой фазе молочного питания (снижается на 68,4%) и в пер-вой фазе дефинитивного питания (увеличивается в 1,6 раза); α-амилазы снижается во второй фазе молочного питания (на 47,1%) и повышается в третьей (в 1,8 раза) и четвертой (в 1,9 раза) фазах дефинитивного питания; ЩФ увеличивается в первой фазе молочного питания (в 1,6 раза) и умень-шается во второй фазе молочного питания (на 52,8%); КФ в первую молочную повышается соот-ветственно в 3,7 и в 2,6 раза и первую дефинитивную падает на 75,4% и на 64,2%.Ключевые слова: активность ферментов, аланинаминотрансфереза, аспартатаминотрансфе-раза, -амилаза, щелочная и кислая фосфатазы, поросята, крупная белая порода свиней, свино-ферма, свинокомплекс В соответствии с теорией о системогенезе, предложенной П.К. Анохиным [1], и развитием этого учения в отношении сельскохозяйственных животных В.Ф. Лы-совым [3], в каждой фазе, этапе, периоде онтогенеза происходит развитие именно тех структурно-фунциональных систем, которые обеспечивают приспособление животного организма к постоянно изменяющимся условиям внутренней и внеш-ней среды.Объективными индикаторами структурно-химического совершенствования внутренних органов в онтогенезе у животных являются ферменты, которые, вклю-чаясь в различные обменные процессы в клетках и тканях органов, отражают ста-