The article presents the formation and development of the Russian economy in the field of ideology and methodology, taking into account the spiritual and moral laws and the meaning of modern life. Spiritual and moral ideology is considered from the perspective of economic problems and expectations of modern society. The analysis of economic goals in the historical continuum and in terms of spiritual values is carried out. The object and object of the economy are determined from the position of the Christian worldview. The article analyzes the formation of methodological approaches of economic science from the position of Christianity. The arguments in favor of the fact that spiritual laws in Christianity do not contradict, but represent the necessary basis for the considered methodological approaches, taking into account which normal progressive innovative economic development is possible.

The article studies the theoretical and methodological approaches of subjective and objective idealism, general scientific subjective and consumer methodological approaches in relation to the systematization of the fundamental foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of projects. The scientific positions of the economic schools of mercantilism and marginalism are analyzed, the views of the economic school of physiocrats, the ideology of objective rationalism of classical political economy are considered. In the course of theoretical scientific research, the process, trend and regularity of transformation of the main principles of subjective and objective idealism into the basic characteristics of consumer and system methodological approaches, respectively, which are the basis for evaluating the economic efficiency of investment projects, are established.

The article examines the phenomena of «security» and «social security» from philosophical, sociological and psychological perspectives. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on security issues undertaken by the authors of the article showed that solving the problems of ensuring social security of an individual and society as a whole involves the interdisciplinary integration of scientific knowledge (including in the field of pedagogy and education), which will allow us to develop practical recommendations for preventing the destruction of social systems. Based on the synthesis of the content of analytical reports and monitoring studies on security issues of the leading sociological centers of Russia and the materials of international expert organizations, in particular UN documents, indicators, indicators of the level of security and methods of their assessment are identified. The applied significance of the theoretical and methodological work lies in the search for models of functioning and management of systems for ensuring the security of the individual and society at all levels of social existence and life activity that are adequate to modern conditions.