ABSTRACT. Digital image analysis of seeds has been used for the identification of cultivars, determination of seed color and mechanical damage, and classification of different seed sizes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of digital image analysis of seeds for the quantification of genetic diversity among genotypes of inbred guava (Psidium guajava L.) families. The SAS Mini equipment, which consists of a capture module and a software program for analysis, was employed for the capture and analysis of the seed images. Different genetic diversity quantification strategies were tested using the WardModified Location Model method. The set of variables related to geometry of the seeds was the largest contributor to divergence among the guava genotypes. The use of seed descriptors obtained by digital image analysis via the SAS system was efficient at quantifying the

ABSTRACT. The aim of this work was to verify the efficiency of the anticipated selection of superior plants in intrapopulation breeding of passion fruit. The experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso State University experimental area. Eight populations were evaluated. Planting was carried out in August 2010 following the randomized blocks experimental design, with ten repeats and ten plants per plot. The production characteristics of mass and number of fruits were evaluated from data obtained from two cultivation periods, the first year and the full two-year cycle of culture. Estimates of genetic parameters indicate the possibility of selection gains. The accuracies of fruit production, fruit number and fruit mass characteristics had high magnitude, independent of the selection cycle. Coincidence index estimates were high for all characteristics. Based on the results, early selection (first year) was efficient and reduced the time of selection for the best plants and can be used for passion fruit breeding.Keywords: selection gain, Passiflora edulis Sims, productivity.Seleção antecipada no melhoramento intrapopulacional do maracujazeiro azedo RESUMO. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a eficiência da seleção antecipada de plantas superiores no melhoramento intrapopulacional do maracujazeiro azedo. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. Foram avaliadas oito populações e o plantio foi realizado em agosto de 2010, com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, dez repetições e dez plantas por parcela. As características de produção, massa e número de frutos foram avaliadas a partir de dados obtidos em dois períodos de cultivo, sendo no primeiro ano e no ciclo completo da cultura, que nesse caso foi de dois anos. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos indicam a possibilidade de ganhos com a seleção. Os valores de acurácia para as características de produção de frutos, número de frutos e massa de frutos foram de alta magnitude, independente do ciclo de seleção. As estimativas do índice de coincidência foram altas para todas as características. Baseado nos resultados, a seleção antecipada (primeiro ano) se mostrou eficiente por reduzir o tempo de seleção das melhores plantas, podendo ser utilizada no melhoramento do maracujazeiro azedo.Palavras-chave: ganho de seleção, Passiflora edulis Sims, produtividade.

Several strategies have been employed in the breeding of passion fruit with a view to the generation of superior progeny. In an effort to develop more precise methods in breeding, we compared the efficiency of the Post-Hoc Blocking Row-Col technique, which is an a posteriori technique that consists of the overlapping of a block structure on the original-field design, with a randomized-block design and compared different selection strategies within and among half-sib families, using the REML/BLUP mixed-model methodology. Twenty-three half-sib families from the third cycle of recurrent selection of the breeding program of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro -UENF were evaluated. The trial took place in the experimental unit of UENF, in Itaocara -RJ, Brazil. Plants were trained on vertical stakes, with four replicates and three plants per plot. They were assessed individually for the traits number of fruits per plant, fruit mass per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, peel thickness, total soluble solids, pH, pulp percentage, and production per plant. No significant difference was found in the test of efficiency of the designs for any of the evaluated traits. Withinfamily heritability (h 2 ad ) had a similar magnitude to individual heritability (h 2 a ), indicating that even in the 4th cycle of recurrent ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (2): gmr18305 N.R. Cavalcante et al. 2selection, genetic variability still exists within the evaluated progeny. Selection within half-sib families provided superior gains when compared with selection among families for the traits number of fruits; production; fruit mass, length, and diameter; total soluble solids; pH; and pulp percentage. The best selection strategy was within families, as it generated higher selection-gain estimates than those obtained with selection between families and the directselection and index-selection approach.

The purpose of this study was to conduct selection, genetic parameter estimation, and prediction of genetic values for 18 S 1 families of guava trees using mixed model methodology and simultaneous selection of traits by means of the additive selection index, multiplicative selection index, and mean rank adapted from Mulamba. All families analyzed were obtained by means of self-fertilization of superior genotypes (full siblings) from the genetic breeding program of guava trees at the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. An experimental randomized block design with 18 S 1 families, three replicates, and ten plants per plot was used. A total of 540 genotypes (individual plants) of guava tree were evaluated. Genetic parameter estimation and selection of the best genotypes based on the genetic value were performed using the statistical procedure, from the Selegen-REML/BLUP program. The analyses of the additive selection index, multiplicative selection index, and the sum of rank adapted from Mulamba were also performed under the Selegen program. During the evaluation by the individual BLUPs, families 1, 12, 4, 6, and 8 contributed to most of the genotypes selected for the traits under evaluation, suggesting their significant potential to generate high quality and high yield genotypes. In the selection indexes via mixed models, the multiplicative index showed higher values for genetic gains (74 %), followed by the mean rank index adapted from Mulamba (19 %), and the additive index (2 %).

-The productivity and physicochemical quality evaluation is important, as it identifies superior populations. however, launching products requires following the descriptors according to DhE test instructions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate three passion fruit populations with high productivity and physicochemical quality characteristics for commercial launch. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso experimental area, located in the municipality of Tangará da Serra, MT. The experimental design was complete randomized block design with four replicates and ten plants per plot. The physicochemical characteristics were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test. For the distinctiveness test, 25 descriptors were evaluated, where quantitative data have been converted into multicategoric data to obtain the dissimilarity matrix. From the dissimilarity matrix, groups were formed using the Tocher and UPGMA methods, Livestock and Supply Department. The highest productivity and number of fruits were verified for BRS Rubi Cerrado cultivar and UNEMAT S10 population. Populations and cultivars presented physicochemical characteristics that meet the required quality for both fresh consumption and industry use. Based on the distinction test among genotype, it was observed that the descriptors were effective for population differentiation. UNEMAT S10 population has characteristics that distinguish it from other cultivars and populations evaluated, and presents high agronomic performance; therefore, it can be launched as a commercial cultivar. Index terms: Commercial launch, Descriptors, Passiflora edulis Sims. PRODUTIVIDADE, QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE FRUTOS E DISTINGUIBILIDADE DE POPULAÇÕES DE MARACUJAZEIRO-AZEDORESUMO -A avaliação da produtividade e da qualidade físico-química apresenta importância, pois permite identificar populações superiores. Porém, para lançar material, é necessário seguir os descritores conforme as instruções para a execução dos ensaios de DHE. Desta maneira, objetivou-se avaliar três populações de maracujazeiro-azedo que apresentem características de alta produtividade e qualidade físico-química, para lançamento comercial. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, situada no município de Tangará da Serra-MT. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela. As características físico-químicas foram submetidas à análise de variância e comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Para avaliar a distinguibilidade, foram utilizados 25 descritores, onde os dados quantitativos foram convertidos em multicategóricos, visando a obter matriz de dissimilaridade. A partir da matriz de dissimilaridade, formaram-se grupos pelo método de Tocher e UPGMA. A maior produtividade e o maior número de frutos foram verificados na cultivar BRS Rubi do Cerrado e na população UNEMAT S10. As populações e as cultivares apresentaram características físico-químicas que ate...