The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the combination of B-mode ultrasound, elastography score (ES) and strain ratio (SR) improves diagnostic performance with respect to breast lesions. One hundred thirty lesions were prospectively evaluated by B-mode ultrasound and strain elastography, followed by fine-needle aspiration cytology/biopsy in 117 woman who were scheduled for regular breast BUS. The median ES (4.5 vs. 2.9, p < 0.001) and SR (4.9 vs. 2.3, p < 0.001) were significantly higher for malignant than for benign lesions. A sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 93.2% for the ES (cutoff point = 3.8) and a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 87.6% for the SR (cutoff point = 3.5) were obtained. Elastography combined with B-mode ultrasound improved the specificity, accuracy and positive predictive value. Receiver operating characteristic curves yielded a higher value for the combined technique for diagnosis of breast lesions. Routine use of such a diagnostic algorithm could reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies.

Sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease is a rare, fast-progressing neurodegenerative disease with a fatal outcome. Even though its treatment options are scarce, and there is no cure for the disease, adequate diagnosis can help patients and their families come to terms with the disease on time, and give them valuable time to plan accordingly. We report a case of a patient presenting to our emergency department with a 2-week history of ataxia, and oscillopsia. Her initial neurological examination revealed subtle dysarthria, diplopia with left gaze, wide-based ataxic gait with occasional small steps, sinistropulsion in the Romberg position, and ataxia of the limbs, predominantly of the left arm. The patient at that time did not exhibit cognitive impairment, movement disorders, or other neurological signs. Her initial brain MSCT was without lesions or other pathomorphological supstrate. During hospitalization, treatable causes were firstly excluded with blood and CSF lab tests excluding metabolic, toxic, infectious, autoimmune, and paraneoplastic causes. Detailed medical history revealed subtle personality changes, while cognitive testing revealed moderate cognitive impairment. Brain MRI and EEG 4 days after hospitalization reported typical changes seen with advanced prion disease surprisingly being the fact that the patient had a mild to moderate clinical picture. RtQuIC analysis of the CSF was performed to prove probable sCJD and was positive. The patient's family were given instructions, while the wishes of the patient, and family members were fulfilled concerning planning future care. Afterward, the patient's state deteriorated rapidly as per the tragic prognosis of sCJD resulting in akinetic mutism, and death. Ataxia without cognitive impairment, rigor, or movement disorders is an uncommon clinical presentation for a disease with a 1:1 000 000 incidence rate. Modern diagnostic methods in way of more advanced brain MRI capabilities, and RT-QuIC obviate the need for complicated, and potentially infectious brain biopsy in diagnosing sCJD. Alongside the case report, we present a short but comprehensive literature review of modern data regarding the sCJD. This case report and literature review serve to educate clinicians about this rare but devastating disease.

SUMMARY – The aim of the study was to analyze zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD) incidence using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and validity of panoramic radiograph as a comparative method of ZACD diagnostics. The connection between ZACD incidence, age, left/right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and comorbidity with diagnosis of TMJ disorder was analyzed. Panoramic radiographs and MRIs of 140 TMJs of 70 consecutive patients with previously confirmed TMJ diagnosis were compared in the study. A grading system (4-point scale from ‘0’ for absence to ‘3’ for most extended pneumatization) was used to determine low signal on MRIs as pneumatization of temporal bone. ZACD was diagnosed in 22 joints of 15 patients (incidence, 20.4%), with seven patients having bilateral appearance. In the joints of nine patients, ZACD was identified as extensive according to the grading scale. The validity of ZACD findings on panoramic radiographs compared with MRI findings yielded 0.45 sensitivity and 0.98 specificity. There was no relation (p>0.05) between comorbidity of ZACD and TMJ disorder, either by age or side of the body. More prevalent ZACD in our MRI analysis than in other researches based on panoramic radiographs could be explained by the expected superimposed osseous structures in the area of articular eminence.

The article discusses a rare case of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the submandibular gland diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and ancillary methods. This case highlights important cytomorphological, immunocytochemical and imaging features that could aid accurate diagnosis and improve patient's outcome.