Neutralisation of improvised explosive devices. A ballistic water jet was fired onto the suitcases with a RE70 M3 Plus Waterjet Disruptor (Chemring Technology Solutions). This weapon interrupts electrical circuits without recoil by firing an electrically initiated 0.5 caliber cartridge. This cartridge contains a projected waterjet of 150 ml, fired under high pressure. The weapon was oriented 45 • with the longitudinal surface of the suitcase. After each disarmament, fragments were collected and packaged separately. A test setup of this experiment can be found in Supplementary Figure S2. Detonation of improvised explosive devices. Prior to the experiment, a safety perimeter of 200 m was set. A measured amount of C-4 (7 g) was placed in the metal cans and the suitcases were closed with a zipper. The ignition was electrically initiated from a distance. The presence of wooden crates around each side of the test setup prevented the spread of post-explo fragments. Relocation of the test setup after every explosion prevented cross-contamination. After each detonation, fragments were collected and packaged separately. The test setup of this experiment can be found in Supplementary Figure S3.