Aim: Polycystic liver infections are the most prevalent extra renal manifestation of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD). People are living longer and there are more chances of spread on infections and these infections may cause different diseases but these can be improved by providing the proper knowledge among the lay men and control over these diseases can be made like better kidney survival, less death from heart disease, new treatments for kidney transplants, and more people with polycystic liver failure. There is a lack of research that completely characterizes PKD in big cohorts. Many other researchers has also been made to observe the size of the liver and the number of cysts which are linked to the size of the hepatic parenchyma, but this study is the specific to the polycystic kidney disease and its effect over the liver with the volume of cyst. This is the only studyin the region. . Methods: cross-sectional studies has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the initial volumes of the liver which was determined by MRI, and the patient’s demographics, the outcomes of these results also depends upon the quality of life of the patients. This research was conducted from January 2021 to June 2021 at Mayo Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. The information is gathered from the randomized, placebo-controlled trial that is currently being conducted at five tertiary-care medical facilities. In this the comparison was made between the groups of angiotensin I–converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II–receptor blocker. These findings were based on the normal situation o fthe blood [ressure. Because normal blood pressure related with the proper renal functioning. These tests were performed for 558 patients with ADPK (age, 16–50 y). Practical implication: We can easily implement these findings to PKD in hospitals and find the best treatment method according to this. Results: The significant level of hepatomegaly was seen in number of individuals diagnosed with ADPKD. Hepatomegaly was also existed in cysts as well as parenchyma. Cysts were found more often in women, and both the liver and cyst sizes were observed to be larger in women with the increase in age. Patients whose illness had progressed significantly demonstrated a significant reduction in the situation of liver parenchyma. In this study some minor irregularities were noticed in the results of laboratory testing on the liver, and splenomegaly and hypersplenism remained related to the severity of PLD. Inferior quality of life was connected with having a larger amount of damage in the liver tissue. Conclusion: Even in the earliest stages of ADPKD, hepatomegaly is rather prevalent, and it cannot be diagnosed properly just by the presence of cysts. Even for those who didn't have cysts, parenchymal volumes have been discovered to be substantially bigger than liver volumes in people without ADPKD or these predicted by basic tests performed in the specific laboratories. The harshness of PLD remained linked to changed biochemical also hematologic characteristics, in addition to a worse quality of life in patients. Keywords: Hepatomegaly, Polycystic liver infections, extra-renal manifestation, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney diseases.

Aim: Pregnancies in which eggs and sperm did not join correctly with a certain position and further growth does not occur, this will be known as Moral pregnancy. Methods: Moral pregnancy is considered as issue created in ovary of female where fertilization in a correct way does not occur and a times come when pregnancy ends and somehow, we called it as miscarriage. A study was held to check out the important highlights about moral pregnancies, its side effects and its outcomes. In this study, they measure the ratio of about 16,600 patients who was admitted. Here most of them was suffering with same symptoms in term of bleeding which determine that they have miscarriage. Results: About 93.2% patients was suffering with bleeding issues and severe pain. Different tests performed on them to know the exact reason of their issues. Either sperms were weak or egg of women was weak. Conclusion: Reason of occurrence of this type of fertilization. All of them was not coming for their regular checkup and was not taking proper treatment from gynecologists to solve their issues. Keywords: Moral pregnancy, sonography, high risk group, missed periods, bleeding.

Aim: The goal of this research would have been to look at the impact of mindfulness-based stress decrease on despair, stress, in addition emotional stress in individuals having various chronic medical conditions. Methods: To investigate the benefits of MBSR on depression, anxiety, and emotional stress, a review and meta-analysis were conducted. The impact of study quality on possessions of MBSR remained investigated. Results: Ten researches randomized control trials have been included. The total impact size on sadness was 0.28, showing that MBSR had little effect on mental health. Anxiety had an effective dose of 0.48. The validity of the research, however, was shown to reduce this impact magnitude. When low-quality research was eliminated, an effect size of 0.26 on stress was discovered. Emotional trauma also had a minor impact size (0.35). Conclusion: It is possible to infer that MBSR has only a minor impact on despair, concern, also psychological discomfort in individuals through chronic somatic conditions. The use of MBSR in behavioral treatment can increase effectiveness of mindfulness-grounded therapies. Keywords: Mindfulness-Based Stress Management Treatment, Anxiety, emotional trauma, medical disease.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of reflective activities in obstetrics and gynecology residents for improving certain recognized abilities. Methods: Continuously communicate permission, twenty-five patients from across all five years of the residency program have been included in the research. Surgical skills, professionalism, communication skills, and especially analytical thinking abilities were recognized as competencies. The introspective activities were evaluated using a foundation for the rest designed for this purpose. Results: The findings revealed that the resident’s capacity to participate in intentional reflecting activities was originally weak, but improved with practice and yielded promising results. In comparison to others made up to the mark, reflective exercises were very beneficial in improving training and expertise. Conclusion: Regularly engaging postgraduate trainees in intentional reflecting activities have yielded good outcomes in terms of growth in surgical, communicative, and quality assessment abilities, as well as a role in enhancing professionalism amongst residents. Prospective multicenter research, on the other hand, can provide more information about the efficacy of such a therapy. Keywords: Reflective Activities, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Residents.

Aim: In recent times, the amount of CT scans conducted has increased rapidly in both the United States and the United Kingdom, raising concerns around the long-term repercussions of such exposure, mainly in rapports of cancer training. Methods and Results: Data from the United States and the United Kingdom show that CT utilization has increased 20-fold and 12-fold, correspondingly, during the last three decades, having per capita CT utilization in the United Kingdom being almost five times that of the US. Almost all of the collaborative daily dosage from diagnostic radiology in both nations did come from high-dose like CT, interventional radiology, also barium enemas; for both those processes, pertinent organ doses remain in variety for them remains today direct reliable epidemiological indication of an extra danger of tumor, without the requirement to extrapolate dangers from higher doses. Though with high-dose radiological operations, the danger to separate cases remains negligible, therefore an advantage of balancing is often in favor of the individuals. Problems emerge when CT exams are utilized without a demonstrated clinical basis, whenever alternate techniques having equivalent effectiveness may be employed, or when CT scans are performed needlessly. Conclusion: It is anticipated that those circumstances version in up to one-third of altogether CT scans in the United States. Another difficulty is the growing usage of CT scans by way of the tests method in symptomless individuals; at the current occasion, the advantage balance for slight generally recommended CT showing modalities has not been determined. keywords: CT scans, US, UK, Radiology interventions.