Multiple linear regression was used to quantify the dependence of the antimicrobial activity of 13 peptides upon three calculated or experimentally determined parameters: mean hydrophobicity, mean hydrophobic moment, and alpha-helix content. Mean hydrophobic moment is a measure of the amphiphilicity of peptides in an alpha-helical conformation. Antimicrobial activity was quantified as the reciprocal of the measured minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli. One of the peptides was magainin 2, and the remainder were novel peptides designed for this study. The multiple linear regression results revealed that the amphiphilicity of the peptides was the most important factor governing antimicrobial activity compared to mean hydrophobicity or alpha-helix content. A better regression of the data was obtained using ln(1/MIC+constant) as the dependent variable than with either 1/MIC or ln(1/MIC). These results should be useful in designing peptides with higher antimicrobial activity.
Såo Paulo t9B8 /<- .-ll ! I il ll "0n üous a dit aussí que La uie est obecunítá" et dans ootre f,atígue ttous nápátez ce que disent Les Las. Et je Ðous dis que La oie est ráeLlement obscuyítá sauf, Lã où +L y a éLan, Et tout áLan est aueugle sauf Là où iL y a sauoiz,, Eþ tout saÐo¿y est uain sauf Là où iL g a tnauail, Et tout tyaÐa¿L est uíde sauf Là où it, y a amourj Et Lorsque tous tvaÐaiLLez azlec amour Ðous 1)ous Líez à uous-nâne, et Ltun ã Ltautz.e" et à Díeu.tl KhaLiL Gib z,an Ã, Gíana, fíLhínha da razão e do poz,que, que soube corajosamente eupo?t.a,? ausàncias e a pyesença maL dis-tz,ibuída, durante as ÐãT¿as etapas de realização desse tz,ab aLh o. Aos neus país e ã minha famíLía,pelo sacrífício da ausàncía imposta, pana a neaLização de um ídeal, ttf n Memotiamtl Ao neu írnão e amígo Una tese de doutorado, dificilmente é fruto de i déia isolada ou conquista individual , sendo, en geral, decorrên cia de u¡na linha de pesquisas, so¡nat6ria de esforços e de múfti-plas colaborações. Co¡no conseqtlência, desejamos registrar nesta página nossa homenagen e a nossa gratidão: Ao Professor Doutor José Vicente Valarelli, pela orientação cientÍfica e pelos preciosos conselhos, e dedicação que tornara¡n esse trabalho uma realidade' Ao Doutor François Delbove, a guen devenos todo a poio e incansáve1 colab.oração técnica-científica, durante a rea-lização dos trabalhos experinentais no "Centre d.e Recherche sur la synthèse et chinie des ¡ninéraux" do CNRS de orléans, França. Ao Professor Doutor Rainer A. Schultz-GUtt1er, pe los valiosos auxílios e sugestões durante a execução deste estu-do. Ao Professor Luiz Fernando de Carvalho, a quem di reta e indiretamente devemos nossa iniciação ã GeoquÍmica e ¡'line ralogia Experimental. Mestre, anigo e incentivador, cujo apoio, nos nonentos difÍceis, não pode ser esquecido. ttO amoz, ensina a não fícar do Lado bon de uma bz'iga podpe, Ensina d, enconþr'ay a briga b.oa: a briga peLa constz,ução de una noïq, ordem de ¿ntegyq.ção entz'e sub-jetíuo e objeþ¿Ðô, cíãncia e f,á, oriente e ocidente, politica e eaeíetãncía, justiça e Líbendade, na quaL há, maís d,?tè e menos conpetíção, naís uida e nenos morte. IJma peseoa prepaxada para o amo! é muíto maís pez,i goea paya, quaLquer LtaÍuA quo yep?essioo do que uma pessoa prepanada pa,ya a ódío, a guer.Ta. ou o combate, Esta é mais f,ã.cíL conbater. Anav á trans foz'mar a intenção en gesto moral, ou seia, em ato que possâ. eez. un¿Ðersc¿Lizado aen dano, perda ou sofz.imento.tl Artuy. da Iã.to La AGRADEC IMENTOS É con prazer que agradece¡nos a todos que nos ajuda ran a realizar esse trabalho, Ao Doutor Z.Johan, diretor do I'Centre de Recherche sur la synthèse et chinie des minéraux'r do CNRS-Orléans, França, por nos acolher naquele centro de pesquísa durante a realização dos trabalhos experinentais.
Underdense plasma produced in gas jets by low intensity laser prepulses in the presence of a static magnetic field, B ∼ 0.3 T, is shown experimentally to become an optical element allowing steering of tightly focused high power femtosecond laser pulses within several degrees along with essential enhancement of pulse's focusability. Strong laser prepulses form a density ramp perpendicularly to magnetic field direction and, owing to the light refraction, main laser pulses propagate along the magnetic field even if it is tilted from the laser axis. Electrons generated in the laser pulse wake are well collimated and follow in the direction of the magnetic field; their characteristics are measured to be not sensitive to the tilt of magnetic field up to angles AE5°.
A 65-fs, 800-nm, 2-TW laser pulse propagating through a nitrogen gas jet has been experimentally studied by 90 Thomson scattering. Time-integrated spectra of scattered light show unprecedented broadening towards the blue which exceeds 300 nm. Images of the scattering region provide for the first time a space- and time-resolved description of the process leading quite regularly to such a large upshift. The mean shifting rate was as high as dk/dt3A ̊/fs, never observed before. Interferometry shows that it occurs after partial laser defocusing. Numerical simulations prove that such an upshift is consistent with a laser-gas late interaction, when laser intensity has decreased well below relativistic values (a0 1) and ionization process involves most of the laser pulse. This kind of interaction makes spectral tuning of ultrashort intense laser pulses possible in a large spectral range. VC 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4818602
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