Panoramic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) play a paramount role in the accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognostic evaluation of various complex dental pathologies. The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has revolutionized the practice of dentistry, and this technique is now considered the gold standard for imaging the oral and maxillofacial area due to its numerous advantages, including reductions in exposure time, radiation dose, and cost in comparison to other imaging modalities. This review highlights the broad use of CBCT in the dentomaxillofacial region, and also focuses on future software advancements that can further optimize CBCT imaging.

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Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has evolved in the field of endodontics and has helped to diagnose and treat the case very easily and accurately. The researchers set out to pinpoint the exact placement of the roots and canals in the maxillary second molars of North Indians by analyzing CBCT pictures.Methods: In this study, in vivo CBCT was used to examine the maxillary second molars (n = 70) in detail. Both the number and configuration of root canals may be determined using Vertucci's categorization.Results: Most people had three roots in their second molars (85.7%). Most maxillary second molars that had three roots looked like they had three separate roots (81.7%). In the roots of 85.7% of maxillary second molars, one canal was found in the mesiobuccal roots, and 14.2% had an MB2 canal. All of the canals in the palatal, distobuccal root, and MB1 root were Type I. The Type II canal configuration was found in 11.7% of MB2 canals. Type IV canals were found in 5% of the MB2 canals. The number of maxillary second molars with MB2 was found to be the same for both men and women (P =0.11). The number of MB2 cases did not depend on where the teeth were or how old the person was (P=0.08 and 0.06, respectively). The fact that both second molars appeared at the same time was important (P<0.001).Conclusions: We report the occurrence of unusual morphologic abnormalities that affect only one root and have only been described in case reports. CBCT scans can help doctors better understand root canal anatomy and potentially enhancing endodontic management outcomes.

Education in geriatric medicine is in its infancy in India and geriatric dentistry is nonexistent. Poor oral health is linked to serious systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Edentulousness and paucity of prosthodontic rehabilitation prevent the elderly from choosing food that they like and deny them the pleasure of eating, which is essential for a feeling of wellbeing.Oral mucosal diseases and lesions are common in elderly people. Many older adults have pigmented and benign soft-tissue and hard-tissue conditions. Lichenoid mucosal lesions can also be caused by a variety of medications commonly prescribed in older patients. The prevalence of leukoplakia and lichen planus in older people ranges from 1.0 to 4.8% and 1.1 to 6.6%, respectively. Fifty percent of zoster patients over 60 years of age will develop postherpetic neuralgia that may persist for months or even years.Root surface caries result from an age-related condition that develops on cementum following gingival recession or as an extension of existing coronal caries onto the root surface coronal caries are also quite prevalent among older persons. A recent survey of 65-74year-old in Madagascar observed that the mean number of DMFT was 20.2. In China, second national oral health survey revealed that the mean number of decayed and filled teeth was 2.5 at old age, and study in India confirmed this figure observed in China, the mean number of decayed teeth being 2.5. Denture stomatitis is a common oral mucosal lesion of clinical importance in old-age populations. The prevalence rate of stomatitis is reported within the range of 11-67% in complete denture wearers. Other major denture-related lesions include denture hyperplasia and traumatic ulcer; their prevalence rates in old-age denture wearers range from 4 to 26%.

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