ABSTRACT:Objective: To describe the major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazil, according to the information collected from individuals aged 18 years or older. Methods: Data from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013, a transversal population-based study, were used. The proportions of each NCD were calculated and presented according to sex, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), with the absolute values. Results: Of the total respondents, 45.1% reported presenting at least one NCD. The region with the highest prevalence of NCDs was the South (52.1%). Hypertension showed the highest prevalence among NCDs, with 21.4%, followed by chronic back problem (18.5%), depression (7.6%), arthritis (6.4%), and diabetes (6.2%). The intense/very intense degree of limitation showed a higher prevalence of other mental illnesses (37.6%) and cerebrovascular accident (25.5%). Conclusion: The improvement of health services is essential for an effective response to the double burden of illness in the middle-and low-income countries.

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Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo descrever as lesões no trânsito segundo características demográficas, utilização de equipamentos de proteção, uso de serviços de saúde, limitação de atividades e incapacidades. Estimou-se o percentual de envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito com lesões, o de uso de equipamentos de proteção, o uso de serviços saúde, limitação de atividades habituais, incapacidades e sequelas, segundo escolaridade, raça-cor, sexo, idade e região de residência. O uso de cinto de segurança na população adulta foi de 79,4% e 50,2%, nos bancos da frente e de trás, respectivamente; o de uso do capacete entre os condutores e passageiros de motocicleta foi respectivamente de 83,4 e 80,1. Equipamentos de segurança são menos usados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste e na zona rural. Relataram acidente de trânsito no último mês 3,1%, sendo maior no sexo masculino 4,5%, nas pessoas de escolaridade de nível fundamental completo e médio completo, adulto jovem e de raça-cor parda. Entre os acidentados receberam algum tipo de assistência de saúde devido a este acidente 52,4% foram internados, 7,7% relataram ter tido limitação de atividades habituais, incapacidades e sequelas decorrente de acidente de trânsito 14,1%. Os acidentes de trânsito são elevados no país.

ObjectiveScoliosis surgery involves major blood loss and frequently requires blood transfusion. The cost and risks involved in using allogeneic blood have motivated investigation of methods capable of reducing patients’ bleeding during operations. One of these methods is to use antifibrinolytic drugs, and tranexamic acid is among these. The aim of this study was to assess the use of this drug for controlling bleeding in surgery to treat idiopathic scoliosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study in which the medical files of 40 patients who underwent thoracolumbar arthrodesis by means of a posterior route were analyzed. Of these cases, 21 used tranexamic acid and were placed in the test group. The others were placed in the control group. The mean volumes of bleeding during and after the operation and the need for blood transfusion were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe group that used tranexamic acid had significantly less bleeding during the operation than the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding postoperative bleeding and the need for blood transfusion.ConclusionsTranexamic acid was effective in reducing bleeding during the operation, as demonstrated in other studies. The correlation between its use and the reduction in the need for blood transfusion is multifactorial and could not be established in this study. We believe that tranexamic acid may be a useful resource and that it deserves greater attention in randomized double-blind prospective series, with proper control over variables that directly influence blood loss.

This study aims to evaluate national variation in depression prevalence and in different sociodemographic groups, health behaviors, and macroregions of Brazil from 2013 to 2019. Data were obtained from two nationwide Brazilian surveys - Brazilian National Health Survey 2013 and 2019. Participants aged 18 years or older were included, totaling 60,202 individuals in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. Depression was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All estimations accounted for the population weights and the complex sampling. The findings showed that during the six years between the two surveys, the prevalence of depression in Brazil increased by 36.7%, going from 7.9% in 2013 to 10.8% in 2019, and this increase is higher among unemployed young adults, aged 18 to 24 years, with the increase in the prevalence of depression almost tripled (3.7 in 2013 and 10.3 in 2019), an increase of 178.4%. Those dwelling in urban areas had a higher increase in the prevalence of depression in the six-year period (39.8%) when compared to residents in rural areas (20.2%). There was an increase in the prevalence of depression from 2013 to 2019 for the worst categories of the three health behaviors included in the study for both men and women: heavy drinking, smoking, and not exercising the recommended level of physical activity. Our results show a significant increase in the prevalence of depression over the six years between the two surveys, mainly among the younger and unemployed men. The country’s economic recession during this period may explain these findings.