The aim of the present research is to evaluate the effect of entrepreneurial competencies on innovation in professional sport clubs. In a regression analysis, this paper uses a descriptive correlational field method. The statistical sample population of this research includes the staff and employees from five selected sport clubs, namely: Esteghlal, Perspolis, Naaft-e-Tehran, Sepahan and ZobAhan of Isfahan. For data collection, a standard questionnaire with 65 items was used to evaluate eight competencies: strategic, conceptual, opportunity, relationship, learning, personal, ethical, familyism; and three dimensions of innovation in goods/services, the process and execution. The validity through the convergent validity (AVE=0.56 and 0.84 respectively) and the reliability (0.95 and α=0.93; 0.91 and CR=0.95 respectively) were confirmed and were randomly distributed among the statistical sample population. The Smart PLS 2 software and the structural equations modeling (SEM) techniques were used. The obtained results of this research indicate that the there is a positive and significant relationship between the entrepreneurial competencies and innovation (t=13/14 and T-value 1/96). Moreover, there is a positive and significant relationship between all the variables of competencies (i.e. strategic, conceptual, opportunity, relationship, learning, personal, ethical, and familyism) and innovation. The 77% innovative change as fostered by entrepreneurial competencies is indicative of a strong impact of the entrepreneurial competencies on innovation & performance of enterprises. Contribution of this paper is measuring these competencies on innovation of professional sport clubs.

The article reviews Iranian sports in three periods: prehistoric, ancient, and modern. In prehistoric times, remaining cases have shown the existence of movement activities based on recreational and religious ceremonies. In the period of ancient history, documents such as Hasanlu Golden Cup and Arjan Cup, and in the continuation of architectures leftover from different eras, refer to the prosperity of sports activities with different approaches. Among all kinds of activities, Iranian zoorkhaneh sport has a significant cultural background and effect. Modern sports entered Iran through embassies, oil contractors, Western-educated students, and military representatives in other countries (in the modern era). Iran became a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1947 and won its first Olympic medal in 1948. Entering the 21st century, the sports industry in Iran began to grow and the number of clubs, sports careers, and sports science students in universities increased significantly. The growing dimension of attention and interest in sports among Iranians shows that sports will be one of the main areas in Iran's development in the future.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la buena gobernanza y las relaciones internacionales en las organizaciones deportivas iraníes. La muestra estaba compuesta por 150 gestores deportivos de Irán. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario ad hoc basado en los principios universales básicos de buena gobernanza del Movimiento Olímpico y Deportivo. Se confirmó la validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario. Después de la recopilación de datos, los datos se analizaron con IBM SPSS Amos 23, utilizando métodos estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Según los gestores deportivos iraníes que participaron en este estudio, los factores más importantes de buena gobernanza y de relaciones internacionales en las organizaciones deportivas iraníes fueron, en orden de importancia: integridad interna e independencia, transparencia, responsabilidad, disciplina, rendición de cuentas, estado de derecho, participación y democracia. This study aimed to analyze good governance (GG) and international relations in Iranian sports organizations. The sample was composed of 150 sport managers from Iran. The instrument used was an ad hoc questionnaire based on the basic universal principles of GG of the Olympic and Sports Movement. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. After data collection, the data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Amos 23, using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. According to the Iranian sports managers that participated in this study, the most important factors of GG and international relations in Iranian sports organizations were, in order of importance: Internal integrity and independency, transparency, responsibility, discipline, accountability, rule of law, participation and democracy.

Although advertising literacy leads to critical thinking in the face of advertising, but so far, no action has been taken in Iran regarding a tool to measure this type of literacy. And after the investigations, it was determined that although much research has been done on advertising, but the lack of appropriate measurement tools to measure the level of advertising literacy is clearly evident. Therefore, this research provides a valid tool for measuring advertising literacy from students' perspective. In this study, referring to the dimensions of advertising literacy from the perspective of Malmelin (2010) and the views of related professors, a questionnaire was developed and to determine the validity of the structure, confirmatory factor analysis was used. In this study, the statistical population was high school students, considering the impact of advertising in this age range; finally, a tool with four dimensions of informational literacy, aesthetic literacy, rhetorical literacy and promotional literacy was obtained. According to the confirmation of this tool in the present study, it can be used to examine the status of items, their order and prioritization from the perspective of the mentioned population.