Purpose-In this study, relation between direct foreign investments and economic growth had been analyzed for 11 APEC countries

Civil commotions that are started in December, 2010 and named as "Arab Spring" had been spread to Middle East countries and had also brought with it economic and political crises. Many economic, social and political factors that are mostly structural had been effective on starting this process. In this research, influence of Arab Spring on economic growth had been investigated with the help of cross-sectional dependency and structural break unit root test in five Middle East countries by using annual data in between 1990-2014. While cross-sectional dependency has been determined for the overall of panel, it had been reached to the conclusion that there is not structural break unit root.

Purpose-Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, CETA that European Union signed with Canada on November 30, 2016 has the quality to result in economic, social and cultural consequences by making norms as compatible not only by removing tariff barriers differently from formers. It has been expected that agreement which removes tariff barriers at the rate of 99% increases the trade between each two countries at the rate of 23%. In addition to this, consequences that cause some concerns in terms of Turkey that is still candidate country to EU are possible. Turkey had stayed out of negotiation period of CETA as is the case with meetings of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) that EU started negotiations with USA. On the other way, Turkey has been affected by CETA because of applying Customs Union Agreement with EU since 1996. Like agreements that EU has made with other countries, EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement is going to deepen the negative effects of Customs Union Agreement on foreign trade of Turkey. Methodolgy-In this study, Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, CETA, had been discussed in the view of basic indicators subjecting to foreign trade. Possible effects of CETA had been analyzed on Turkey economy because of that Turkey participate in European Customs Union. Findings-It had been seen that first of effects of Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement on Turkey economy had consisted of two sections as particular to CETA and TTIP. Conclusion-Turkey has been affected by CETA because it was applying Customs Union Agreement with EU since 1996. Like agreements that EU has made with other countries, EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement is going to deepen the negative effects of Customs Union Agreement on foreign trade of Turkey.

Öz: Enerji kullanımı ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyini belirlemede kullanılan en önemli göstergelerden birisidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1960Bu çalışmanın amacı, -2015 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanarak Türkiye'de kişi başına enerji kullanımının durağanlığını incelemek ve böylece ekonomik gelişme durumu hakkında bilgi edinebilmektir. Bu amaçla çalışmada geleneksel birim kök testlerinin yanı sıra farklı yapısal değişimleri dikkate alan birim kök testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında yer alan Türkiye için enerji kullanımı serisinin durağan olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Böylece enerji kullanımında meydana gelen şokların etkisi kalıcı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects on economic growth of export in the leading countries ICT exports. In this context, the relationship between information communication technology exports and economic growth of 7 selected countries using annual data between 2000-2015 was investigated with the help of panel data analysis. Methodology-The relationship between information communication technology exports and economic growth of 7 selected countries using annual data between 2000-2015 was investigated with the help of panel data analysis. Findings-The existence of cross section dependency and the slope coefficients are homogeneous. According to the analysis of causality, there is a bi-directional causality relation from export of information technologies to economic growth. Conclusion-This result reveals the importance of information and communication technologies' export to support economic growth. As a result of policies to be implemented in this direction, the growing sector can make a significant contribution to growth by creating production and export increases.