Mandibular symphysis (MS) morphology is a valuable diagnostic and treatment-planning tool in orthodontics. MS is affected by a number of factors that include neuromuscular factors, vertical jaw relationships, inclination of lower incisors and genetic factors among others. 80 lateral cephalograms (40 males and 40females) were used in the study and mandibular lengths (Schwarz analysis) were measured for males and females separately. Pearson correlation coefficient showed no statistically significant correlation between symphyseal morphology and mandibular length both in males and females. The inter-examiner reliability (IER) showed Cronbach's Alpha for mandibular length shows a value of .70 implying good agreement. The study concludes there is no correlation between mandibular length and symphysis morphology. Although sexual dimorphism exists.

Orthodontic treatment frequently requires bonding brackets onto various types of surfaces like enamel, metal restorations, composites, ceramics, zirconia, acrylic temporaries etc. The development of new materials and techniques, simplifies the clinical procedures. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the SBS of all surface bonding Primer (Assure plus Primer) compared with conventional primer (Transbond XT) onto tooth, acrylic temporary crown and Zirconia crown surfaces using metal and ceramic brackets. 120 samples were divided into 3 Groups -Tooth surfaces (n=40), Acrylic temporary crown (n=40) and PFM crown surfaces (n=40). Subgroup A surfaces were primed with Transbond XT and bonded using Transbond XT adhesive paste to metal brackets and ceramic brackets. Subgroups B were primed with Assure Plus and bonded using Transbond XT adhesive paste. After debonding procedure, SBS was assessed. Group-III showed higher SBS values compared to Group-II and Group-I. The least SBS was seen in Group I, Subgroup-I B, Assure Plus Primer and metal brackets combination and the highest was seen in Group-III, Subgroup-III B, Assure Plus Primer and ceramic brackets combination.

Objective:The main aim of this study is to understand the knowledge regarding Covid -19 protocols, concerns and apprehensions among orthodontic patients undergoing treatment and those intending on getting orthodontic treatment. Methodology: An online anonymous questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was distributed to first 500 potential responders regarding their knowledge and perception of Covid-19 awareness and protocols. It was mandatory to answer all questions and the survey was anonymized and did not contain any identifying information. Results: Chi Square Goodness of Fit test was used to compare the distribution in the responses for the study questionnaire addressing the knowledge and awareness towards COVID-19 and it was statistically significant (p=0.001). Independent Chi Square test was used to compare the gender based differences in the responses for the questionnaire but no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion:The patient perception and awareness regarding COVID-19 and its prevention protocols was same regardless of the gender. The awareness among study subjects was high and willingness to undergo orthodontic treatment gave mixed results.