The aim of this study is to contribute to the existing research in the field of strategic management. The main responsibility of managers in the modern industrial world is to achieve the objectives of the organizations and make the organizations successful. Accomplishing objectives needs regular planning and continuous improvement of the plans. It also requires knowledge about the internal and external environment of organizations. Strategic management provides the managers with efficient solutions to solve the problems of the organizations through dynamic, provident, holistic, and contingent principles. Strategic management also makes the managers able to develop better strategies for the survival of the organizations through taking advantage of more regular and logical methods. Therefore, this article is an attempt to study different aspects of strategic management through reviewing the related literature and the researchers' point of view. In addition, this paper tries to consider the importance of implementing strategic management in organizations to accomplish future objectives.
Background:Tracheal sound analysis is a simple way to study the abnormalities of upper airway like airway obstruction. Hence, it may be an effective method for detection of alveolar hypoventilation and respiratory depression. This study was designed to investigate the importance of tracheal sound analysis to detect respiratory depression during cataract surgery under sedation. Methods: After Institutional Ethical Committee approval and informed patients’ consent, we studied thirty adults American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients scheduled for cataract surgery under sedation anesthesia. Recording of tracheal sounds started 1 min before administration of sedative drugs using a microphone. Recorded sounds were examined by the anesthesiologist to detect periods of respiratory depression longer than 10 s. Then, tracheal sound signals converted to spectrogram images, and image processing was done to detect respiratory depression. Finally, depression periods detected from tracheal sound analysis were compared to the depression periods detected by the anesthesiologist.Results:We extracted five features from spectrogram images of tracheal sounds for the detection of respiratory depression. Then, decision tree and support vector machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel were used to classify the data using these features, where the designed decision tree outperforms the SVM with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 97%.Conclusions:The results of this study show that morphological processing of spectrogram images of tracheal sound signals from a microphone placed over suprasternal notch may reliably provide an early warning of respiratory depression and the onset of airway obstruction in patients under sedation.
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