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<p><strong>Background: </strong>Literature and other available research states lots of comparison between endoscopic and conventional septoplasty. The study helps conclude the merits and demerits of both techniques and compares the superiority of one method over the other on various aspects from surgeon’s and patient’s point of view. The objective of the study was to compare outcomes of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study included 48 patients having symptomatic deviated nasal septum willing for surgery randomly divided into two groups of 24 each who underwent endoscopic septoplasty and conventional septoplasty. All the patients selected for study, were assessed for subjective and objective evaluation pre-operatively and post-operatively on 7^th day, 1 month and 3 months. The study was conducted at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), Surat.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are technical advantages of using endoscope during septoplasty as it is definitely superior from surgeon’s point of view but there is no significant difference in terms of functional outcome, complications and post-operative hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are technical advantages of using endoscope being superior in terms of illumination, preciseness and surgery, visualization of deeper parts of nasal cavity and resection of posterior deviation and spur especially in isolated septal spur and in achieving hemostasis. The study helps us conclude that endoscopic septoplasty has merits over conventional septoplasty on various aspects.</p>

<p>Amongst various differential diagnoses possible for intra-oral (palatal) mass, possibility of fibro-lipoma is extremely rare but documented in literature, and hence should be a consideration. Such patient requires thorough evaluation and step-wise approach to treat. This case study documents for a 30-year-old male patient presenting with such mass and chief complaints of post nasal drip, nasal obstruction (right side&gt;left side) and intermittent headache for 3 years. After radiological and endoscopic examination, the mass was surgically removed in toto via dual route (trans-oral and endoscopic).  Lipomas are uncommon tumors in the oral cavity, and palate being the rarest amongst them as is our case. It would be strongly advocated to keep lipoma in the differential diagnosis when evaluating a palatal mass. Also, it is worth mentioning and recommending that a careful radiological examination of large lesions arising from the palate is a must before approaching for surgery.</p>

Background: Case study of 30 years male having suspending mass found over upper surface of soft palate hanging in nasopharynx. Methods: After evaluation, patient underwent combined approach (Trans-oral + Endoscopic) excision. Results: Histopathological examination concluded possibility of intra-oral lipoma. Conclusion: Palatal mass (lipoma) requires surgical excision post complete evaluation.

During an earthquake, failure of structure starts at points of weakness. This weakness arises due to discontinuity in mass, stiffness and geometry of structure. The structures having this discontinuity are termed as Irregular structures. Irregular structures contribute a large portion of urban infrastructure. The irregularity in the building structures may be due to irregular distributions in their mass, strength and stiffness along the height of building. Irregularities such as mass, stiffness, plan, and torsion are one of the major reasons of failures of structures during earthquakes. So, the effect of these four irregularities in the seismic performance of structures becomes really important. Height-wise changes in stiffness and mass render the dynamic characteristics of these buildings different from the regular building. When such buildings are constructed in high seismic zones, the analysis and design become more complicated. There are two types of irregularities vertical and plan irregularity as per IS 1893(part 1):2016. The behavior of the multi-storey building of regular and irregular design under earthquake is problematical, and the variations of wind loads are implicit to act consecutively with earthquake loads. In the proposed project, a multi-storey (G + 4) RCC buildings with four irregularities (stiffness, mass, plan, torsion) are studied for earthquake and wind loads using response spectrum method (dynamic analysis) and STADD PRO. These analyses are carried out by considering seismic zone IV, and the behavior assessed by taking the Medium Soil. In this study effects of different irregularities are analysed based on storey displacement, storey drift, and storey shear.