A field experiment was conducted during Zaid (summer), 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), organic carbon (0.75%), available nitrogen (269.96 Kg/ha), available phosphorus (33.10 Kg/ha), and available potassium (336 Kg/ha). The treatments comprised of Panchagavya (3%), Jeevamrutha (500 lit/ha), cow urine (2500 lit./ha), and spraying schedule on (7, 10 &15) different days. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated three times. The results showed that; Plant height (91.36 cm), number of branches per plant (5.47), number of nodules per plant (15), plant dry weight (20.31 g/plant) were recorded significantly higher with Panchagavya (3%) + at an interval of 7 days. Whereas, the number of pods per plant (7.27), number of seeds per pod (12.33), seed yield (1.28 t/ha), and stover yield (4.02 t/ha) was recorded significantly higher with the application of Panchagavya (3%) + at an interval of 7 days. Thus, foliar application of cow-based liquid manure with a different spraying schedule could be a promising option for yield enhancement in cowpea.

A field experiment trial on blackgram was conducted during Zaid, 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.3), organic carbon (0.73%), available nitrogen (274.46 kg/ha), available phosphorus (31.10 kg/ha), and available potassium (328 kg/ha). The foliar spray was applied thrice at different concentrations (5.0, 7.5, 10, and 15.0% v/v) of seaweed extract of Gracilaria edulis (G. Sap) with different levels of phosphorus (30 and 40 kg/ha) and control plot with water spray. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice. The results showed that viz: plant height (42.84 cm), number of branches per plant (7.07), number of nodules per plant (14.11), root dry weight (0.41 g/plant) were recorded significantly higher with 15% G. Sap + Phosphorus 40 kg ha-1. Whereas, plant dry weight (17.55 g/plant) was recorded significantly higher with 10% G. Sap + Phosphorus 40 kg ha-1. Also, the highest gross returns (62,716.50 INR/ha), net returns (26,259.00 INR/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (1.72) were obtained with the application of 15% G. Sap + Phosphorus 40 kg ha-1 when compared to other treatments. Thus, foliar application of seaweed extract could be a promising option for yield enhancement in blackgram.

A field experiment was carried out at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) in Rabi 2021-2022 to study the “Effect of Row spacing and Organic manures on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”. It was consisting of three combinations of Row spacing & Organic manures. The experiment laid out in Randomized Block Design which consisting of nine treatments with 18 cm+ FYM 5 tons/ ha,18 cm + Neem cake 0.8 t, 18 cm + Vermicompost 2 t, 20 cm + FYM 5 tons ha, 20 cm + Neem cake 0.8 t., 20 cm + Vermicompost 2 t,22.5 cm+ FYM 5 tons /ha ,22.5 cm+ Neem cake 0.8 t, 22.5 cm + Vermicompost 2 t. The experiment results revealed that the growth parameters and yield parameters such as plant height (79.74 cm), dry weight (19.77 g/plant), number of Tillers/m2 (449.40), number of grains/spike (25.33) and test weight (51.33 g) at harvest, significantly recorded in treatment 8 with the application of 22.5 cm+ Neem cake 0.8 t. Moreover, grain yield (5.22 t/ha), straw yield (7.95 t/ha) and harvest index (45.28%), were also recorded significantly higher in the treatment of 8 which is 22.5 cm + Neem cake 0.8 t/ha among all treatments. The row spacing along with basal application of organic manures could be a promising option for growth and yield enhancement in barley.