Nostoc is a complex and tough genus to differentiate, and its morphological plasticity makes it taxonomically complicated. Its cryptic diversity and almost no distinguishable morphological characteristics make this genus incredibly heterogeneous to evaluate on taxonomic scales. The strain NOS, isolated from a eutrophic water body, is being described as a new genus Aliinostoc with the strain showing motile hormogonia with gas vesicles as an atypical feature, which is currently considered as the diacritical feature of the genus but should be subjected to critical evaluation in the near future. The phylogenetic placement of Aliinostoc along with some other related sequences of Nostoc clearly separated this clade from Nostoc sensu stricto with high bootstrap support and robust topology in all the methods tested, thus providing strong proof of the taxa being representative of a new genus which morphologically appears to be Nostoc-like. Subsequent phylogenetic assessment using the rbcL, psbA, rpoC1 and tufA genes was done with the aim of facilitating future multi-locus studies on the proposed genus for better taxonomic clarity and resolution. Folding of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region and subsequent comparisons with members of the genera Nostoc, Anabaena, Aulosira, Cylindrospermum, Sphaerospermopsis, Raphidiopsis, Desmonostoc and Mojavia gave entirely new secondary structures for the D1-D1' and box-B helix. Clear and separate clustering from Nostoc sensu stricto supports the establishment of Aliinostoc gen. nov. with the type species being Aliinostoc morphoplasticum sp. nov. in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants.

No abstract

Unbranched heterocytous cyanobacteria produce a number of serine peptidases. We have characterized several peptidases in the cell-free extracts of a true-branched N-fixing cyanobacterium, sp. nov. Upon substrate-gel zymography of intact filaments and heterocytes, five peptidase bands were resolved, whereas in vegetative cells, a single band was discernible. No band was detected in [Formula: see text]-grown cultures suggesting that the peptidases were present under diazotrophic conditions with much of them confined to heterocytes. Using salt precipitation and chromatography, a caseinolytic peptidase, called Wrp49, was purified which also demonstrated fibrinolytic activity. In SDS-PAGE, the purified peptidase was resolved into 17 and 27 kDa fragments. The enzyme in its native state exhibited ≈ 49 kDa, and digested gelatin in a substrate gel at a corresponding position. The enzyme showed amidolytic activity on a plasmin specific substrate, D-Val-Leu-Lys -nitroanilide. Moreover, a trypsin specific substrate,-benzoyl-DL-Arg -nitroanilide was hydrolyzed at an apparent = 0.195 mM and = 5 × 10 M s. The enzyme was stable in a wide pH and temperature range. While Ca stimulated the activity; phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride, leupeptin, EDTA and chelants were inhibitory. The activity of the EDTA-inactivated enzyme was completely restored upon adding Ca, suggesting that both compounds competed with each other in modulating the enzyme activity. The enzyme showed similarities with a Ca stimulated subtilisin-like serine peptidase of ATCC 29413, but also presented several unique features of metallopeptidases, such as the chelant's response. Moreover, the N-terminal sequence (MTVENLARTGVGPGWR) did not matchwith any of the known peptidases.

Purpose of study: The current paper is the based on mathematical model of the job evolution system. Methodology: The proposed method is the fusion of quadratic programming and fuzzy logic where quadratic programming is used to optimize objective function with related constraints in the form of non-linear formulation. Fuzzy logic is used to control uncertainty related information by estimating imprecise parameters Main Finding: The optimal solution of the job evaluation based on fuzzy environment where goal is imprecise. Application of this study: It is used in the areas where information is not exact. The originality of this study: The novelty of the method is the fusion of quadratic programming and fuzzy logic.