by its characteristic pattern ofpulsatile arterial flow and constant venous flow. The waveforms were defined as abnormal if shifts in frequency at the end of diastole were absent in recordings obtained from three different points on the maternal abdomen. A sample offetal blood was taken from the umbilical vein by cordocentesis, and the oxygen tension and pH were determined (figure).The degree of fetal smallness was expressed as the number of standard deviations by which the observed abdominal circumference differed from the normal mean for gestational age, and the severity ofhypoxia was expressed as the difference between the oxygen tension observed and the normal mean for gestational age.4The correlation between the degree of fetal smallness and the pH ofblood from the umbilical vein (r= -0 -095) or the severity of fetal hypoxia (r= -0 02) was not significant. Seven fetuses had normal oxygen tensions and pH, 25 were hypoxic, five were acidotic, and 22 were both acidotic and hypoxic.

At the University of Central Lancashire, in the North West of England, United Kingdom (UK) the midwifery team introduced a new and innovative case-based learning (CBL) curriculum for the undergraduate midwifery course. CBL is a student-centred approach to teaching and learning and encourages students to learn from each other, develop essential skills when caring for women and families including collaborative working and effective communication. In this article we share our approach and experiences of developing and delivering a CBL curriculum informed by salutogenesis, including how it enabled us to support effective learning and skill development for women and families.

ArticleAn audit and trial aiming to reduce the rate of surgical site infections for women having a caesarean section It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from the work. 10.12968/bjom.2016.24.3.170 For more information about UCLan's research in this area go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/researchgroups/ and search for .

The case for collaborative learning: Introducing opportunities in the higher education setting.Abstract: Public Health England (PHE) and the Department of Health (DH) (2015) have documented that parents are requesting consistent professional advice throughout pregnancy and the early

Neesha Ridley, Senior Lecturer, University of Central Lancashire, discusses the importance of hand hygiene in preventing healthcare-associated infections