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Today women are called upon to undertake the dual role of looking after the family and its needs and also earn for the families maintenance, by taking up either full or part time work for wages. In the process of economic development, women's role has been a major component. The sewing operation is characterized by a static sitting posture, a forward inclined posture of the head and trunk, and relatively uncomfortable ankle and knee angles. The sewing task includes simultaneous hand and arm movements, and the continuous operation of foot pedals. Poor posture of the trunk, neck and upper extremities, and the monotonous repetitive movements result in a high prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints affecting the backs, necks, upper and lower extremities among sewing machine operators. The study was carried out with the objective to assess the postural discomfort of the hand operated female sewing machine operators who work at their home. The physically fit respondents were selected for the study. A record sheet was developed for record the angle of deviation of cervical and lumbar region taken with flexi curve. Rapid upper limb assessment method (RULA) was used to identify the upper limb disorders of female sewing machine operators. The results of the study showed that the respondents were facing postural discomfort while working, so the study suggested to correct the posture and reduce the angle of deviation during sewing activity.

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This chapter outlines the introduction of nanoparticles and nanocarriers, within which it delineates their classification into various categories of polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, inorganic nanocarriers, dendrimers, vesicular carriers, micelles, and a lot more, their synthesis techniques such as physical, chemical and biological, and their application in the medical sector. The chapter also focuses on various challenges faced by these nanocarrier systems in nanomedicine as well as their advantages over conventional drug delivery. Overall, this chapter is a comprehensive compilation of available information on recent advances in the field of nanomedicine through an elucidation of nanoparticles and nanocarrier systems. During the last decade, surplus new nano-based strategies for improved drug delivery and nanocarriers centered therapeutic approaches have been adopted for oral drug delivery, pulmonary drug delivery, cutaneous drug delivery, drug delivery into the brain, for cardiovascular diseases, intracellular targeting, gene delivery, protein delivery, insulin delivery, anticancer targeting and many more. Currently, nanoparticle.integrated diagnosis and imaging have been in abundant use seeing an urgent need for early detection and diagnosis of various lethal diseases.

We introduce the prime graph of the product ring R 1 ×R 2 where R 1 , R 2 are integral domains, which is an extension of study on prime graph of an integral domain. We prove that, if R 1 , R 2 are two integral domains, the graph obtained by removing the isolated vertices from PG(R 1 ×R 2) is a bipartite graph. We obtain some consequences.