Canalicular injuries are more common in young males. Mini-MONOKA stents are easy to insert and retrieve, and yield excellent anatomical and functional outcome. Canalicular laceration repair can be attempted successfully irrespective of the delay in presentation.

Dental caries, a progressive bacterial damage to teeth, is one of the most commondiseases that affects 95% of the population and is still a major cause of tooth loss.Recent years have seen an increase in research activity surrounding diagnostic methods, particularly in the assessment of early caries lesions. The use of technologies as adjunct to clinical visual examination for caries diagnosis will facilitate preventive care in dentistry to lower treatment cost as well as reduce the cost and time for testing potential anticaries agents. This article describes the various technologies available to aid the dental practitioners in detecting and diagnosis ofdental caries at the earliest stage of its formation, assessing the activities of the detected carious lesion, and quantitatively or qualitatively monitoring of the lesion over time.

Ovarian torsion is a true emergency which warrants early diagnosis and timely surgical management to avoid the catastrophic consequences of further adnexal injury. In paediatric population, this is especially dangerous as the condition can go undiagnosed because of its rarity and nonspecific presentation of disease. This leads to delay in surgical exploration and loss of ovarian function. We encountered 6 cases of ovarian torsion in paediatric age group during a period of 2 years, at a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad. After enquiry of the symptoms and a series of investigations, a provisional diagnosis of torsion ovary was made and they were taken up for surgery. Intra-operatively all the patients were found to have non-salvageable ovary and fallopian tube on the affected side, and subsequently they underwent salpingo-oophorectomy. Diagnosis of ovarian torsion requires clinician awareness and a high degree of suspicion. Conservative surgery, in the form of ovarian detorsion can be tried in cases of ischemia but if ovarian necrosis has occurred, then salpingo-oophorectomy is performed as the last resort.

The dynamics of spoken word recognition are acutely sensitive to competition among similar-sounding words. Here, we take advantage of this sensitivity to examine the manner in which native Italian speakers who are late learners of English perceive English vowels. Native Italian speakers and native English speakers listened to recordings of naturally produced words ("pin," "pen," and "pan") and used a computer mouse to select the matching stimulus from an array of two pictures. The same participants also performed a similarity judgment task. The perceptual similarity space for these vowel categories differed between groups, and these differences were also reflected in the dynamics of performance in the online measure. The results are largely interpretable in terms of models of second-language speech perception that predict performance from patterns of assimilation to native language categories. The results suggest, however, that there are also effects of graded differences in the perceptual similarity of categories as measured in native speakers of the target language.