Chemotherapeutic agents often have severe tissue injury and cytotoxic effect. Royal jelly has beneficial biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-allergic, and antioxidant activities on various cell types. Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective role of royal jelly on cytarabine induced cytotoxicity on submandibular salivary glands of albino rats.Methods: 21 male albino rats weighing between 220 and 250 g. were divided equally into three groups. Group I (control group) normal without any medication. Group II (cytarabine group) at dose (100mg/kg/ I.P). Group III (cytarabine & Royal jelly group) was administrated royal jelly prior to cytarabine injection. After 2 weeks, the submandibular salivary glands were dissected out and prepared for histological and electron microscopic (TEM) examinations.Results: Light microscopic examination of cytarabine group revealed deformity of the secretory portions with numerous intracellular vacuoles, deeply stained atrophied nuclei. Dilated excretory ducts with degenerated epithelial lining. Some secretory cells were completely degenerated. While Royal jelly treated group revealed well defined serous acini and well formed striated ducts. TEM examination of cytarabine group revealed pyknotic nuclei with nuclear polymorphism. Swollen mitochondria and dilated RER. Striated duct has ill-defined cell boundaries and cytoplasmic vacuolizations. These changes were more improved with Royal jelly treated group group. Conclusion:Administration of Royal jelly produced a protective effect against cytotoxic changes induced by chemotherapy in rat submandibular salivary glands.