Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC), the most common urinary tract cancer and the ninth most common cancer worldwide. Livin is the most recently identified member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. High expression levels of Livin may influence the prognosis of different types of cancer. The aim of current study is to investigate the relation between Livin expression and the clinicopathological features of UBC. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for Livin was performed on 60 cases of urinary bladder cancer divided into; 43 cases of transitional cell carcinoma and 17 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Results: As regarding transitional cell carcinoma, Livin high expression was detected in 48.8% of cases. A statistically significant association was observed between Livin high expression and higher tumor grade, advanced tumor stage (P value > 0.001, 0.001 respectively), larger tumor size and tumor multifocality (P value = 0.001, 0.035 respectively). As regarding squamous cell carcinoma, Livin high expression was detected in 52.9% of cases. A statistically significant association was observed between Livin high expression and higher tumor grade (P value > 0.001), advanced tumor stage, larger tumor size and tumor multifocality (P value = 0.018, 0.012, 0.019 respectively). Conclusion: Livin high expression could be considered as poor prognostic marker in the evaluation of patients with urinary bladder cancer, Livin can play essential role in the pathogenesis, aggressiveness, invasion, and progression of UBC.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer among females and the leading cause of cancer deaths. Immunohistochemical expression of PDL1 has been associated with bad prognosis in various malignancies including breast cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining of PDL1 was performed on 60 tissue specimens of invasive ductal carcinoma by using the avidin biotin-peroxidase complex method with diaminobenizidine (DAB) chromogen detection system. Results: High expression of PDL1 was detected in tumor cells in 51.7% of cases. High expression was statistically significant with high tumor grade (p<0.001), LVI (p=0.002), infiltrated tumor margins (p=0.039), LN metastasis (p=0.013), ER-status (p=0.012), PR-status (p=0.002) and high Ki-67 expression (p=0.031). Conclusion: High PDL1 expression in tumor cells was associated with poor prognostic factors as high tumor grade, LVI, infiltrated tumor margins, LN metastasis and high Ki-67 expression. Overexpression of PDL1 is related to bad outcome of invasive ductal carcinoma cases.