Insect carrion communities vary among habitats and over time. Concerning the dipteran early colonizers of carrion, the use of small bait traps should be accurate because the odors emitted from meat baits should contain many of the volatile organic compounds emitted from the freshly dead mammals. In addition, this kind of trap is easy to replicate and set in position in a given habitat. In the present study, small bait preferences of early Diptera carrion colonizers were examined in an urban biotope. Specifically, three baits were compared (pork muscle, pork liver, and fish flavored cat food) in respect to the number of specimens and species captured and the presence or absence of oviposition at high and low environmental temperatures. A total of 2371 specimens were trapped, primarily belonging to three insect orders, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. Diptera was the predominant order, with blowflies (Calliphoridae) being the most representative family, followed by filth flies (Muscidae). The pork muscle bait was responsible for the highest number of captures and the highest diversity. The community of Diptera collected with the most efficient bait, pork muscle, was compared with the carrion communities reported in the literature from the Iberian Peninsula. Similar taxonomic species composition was found regarding Calliphoridae species. A specimen from all species morphologically identified were also identified at a molecular level using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcode region, and the sequences were submitted to online databases.

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In forensic investigations, eggs of blowflies are very commonly found and can become essential for a proper identification of sarcosaprophagous Diptera. However, most of the time they cannot be used as entomological evidence since they are morphologically very similar, have not been studied in detail, and there are no references to distinguish among them in some geographical areas as the Iberian Peninsula, with exception of Calliphora vicina [1]. This study compares the ultrastructural morphology of eggs from Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, two cryptic species of blowflies frequently found in forensic context in Portugal, through SEM (JEOL JSM 5200 LV). Fourty eggs for each species were analyzed. The use of this technique to differentiate calliphorid-fly eggs, although not widely used, has also been employed by others [2-11]. In these studies, the main structures used to discriminate species are the micropyle apparatus, the plastron and the chorion ornamental arrangements. Our results show that it is possible to distinguish L. sericata from C. vicina based on SEM images through the use of qualitative criteria, as the plastron termination near the micropyle apparatus (Figure 1) and the distinctive aspect of the anastomosis in the islands located at the median area of the plastron (Figure 2), among others. The distinctive features of C. vicina are identical to those described in other studies [1,3,7]. Our structural results for L. sericata are the first ones ever recorded. The morphological identification of insect eggs is very laborious and difficult, and sometimes impossible to be achieved. The employment of SEM allowed to distinguishing between the eggs of Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vicina. It is therefore considered its application in further studies on morphological structures of eggs, as this technique could be used as an important tool in forensic entomology by providing useful data for additional comparisons of other cryptic sarcosaprophagous species.