The aim of this paper is to gain an understanding into how agricultural policies have affected structural change in the French dairy sector. A nonstationary Markov model is estimated using a Generalized Cross Entropy approach. Results show that while the price of cow's milk encourages farm growth, direct payments and quota restriction favor small farms. The price signal is a key factor of structural change. As a result, higher milk prices may accelerate the trend toward the further growth of dairy farms. Settlement policy and technical change seem not to slow this trend.
L'Agriculture écologiquement intensive (AEI) est développée par les coopératives de l'Ouest de la France comme une démarche agroécologique. Cependant, la mobilisation des agriculteurs dans la démarche reste faible. Cet article propose une analyse des facteurs d'engagement et des actions menées pour les mobiliser dans l'AEI. Il propose une articulation d'analyses quantitatives et qualitatives et mobilise des enquêtes réalisées auprès de coopérateurs et de technicocommerciaux. Les résultats montrent : que l'adoption des pratiques AEI est motivée par la nécessité de preuves économiques ; que le réseau professionnel des agriculteurs est aussi important que les caractéristiques de leurs exploitations et que les coopératives peuvent contribuer à l'engagement des agriculteurs dans la transition écologique. MOTS-CLÉS : innovation, changement technique, transition agroécologique, AEI, adoption Agricultural cooperatives in the ecological transition of farmers: Tools for proving economic interestEcologically Intensive Agriculture (EIA) has been adopted by the agricultural cooperatives of the west of France as an agroecological approach. However, the inclusion of farmers in this approach remains weak. This paper proposes an analysis of the factors of adoption by farmers and the actions taken by cooperatives to include them in the EIA. It proposes a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses and uses surveys carried out with farmers and technical-sales specialists. The results show that the adoption of EIA practices is motivated by the need for economic evidence; that farmers' professional networks are as important as the characteristics of their farms; and that cooperatives can contribute to farmers' commitment to ecological transition. (JEL : Q13, Q55).
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This paper provides insight into the spatial structure of the French food sector by investigating the forces of agglomeration and dispersion that infl uence the location of food industries in France in 2007. We use Spatially Weighted two Stage Least Squares estimation, suggested by Kelejian and Prucha (2007), which enables us to analyze both types of endogeneity (spatial lag and Cluster).Results show that no agglomeration effect exists beyond the employment zone, and that a competition effect about attractiveness between those geographical areas rather exists. This is inherent to the defi nition of employment zones in France which are determined by the economic activity that develops within them.Results also show that agricultural employment, infrastructure and urbanisation are the main factors explaining the clustering of the agri-food industries. It is interesting to note that the infl uence of clusters policy increases this agglomeration.
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