Glucocorticoids have been utilized as a component of the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis ever since their introduction some decades ago. It has been established that glucocorticoids are effective in lowering the inflammatory activity induced by this condition and in slowing the course of erosive joint degradation. Both of these benefits can be attained by taking the medication. Unfortunately, they also have a wide variety of potentially adverse consequences, the severity of which may vary depending on the dosage and the length of the therapy. Nevertheless, the benefits of these medications far outweigh the risks associated with them. As a result of the rise in popularity of many alternative therapy alternatives, the use of glucocorticoids as a treatment method is currently being debated (such as biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic medicines). It is possible to provide corticosteroids by injecting them directly into the joint. Many people are opposed to the use of glucocorticoids because of the dose-dependent adverse effects that they can have, despite the fact that they continue to be an essential component in the treatment of a wide variety of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The usage of glucocorticoids for an extended period of time is connected with a greater risk of experiencing adverse consequences. These problems are associated with an increased chance of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and possibly mortality.

Recurrent episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation induced by an inappropriate immune response to gut bacteria characterize inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The phrase "inflammatory bowel disease" refers to two distinct forms of idiopathic intestinal disease distinguished by their location and degree of gut wall involvement. Although Crohn disease is substantially more common in women than in men, ulcerative colitis appears to be equally common in both sexes. IBD is often frequent in affluent countries and cooler regions. It occurs when an excessively powerful immune response is generated in response to a normal stimulus, such as food or intestinal flora, in individuals who are genetically predisposed to developing the disorder. Diet significantly influences intestinal inflammation. Unbalanced meals can result in dysbiosis, which impairs the immune system of the host. The Mediterranean Diet is renowned for being anti-inflammatory and dysbiosis-preventing. Probiotics, butyrate, phosphatidylcholine, lactoferrin, palmitoylethanolamide, silymarin, and omega 3 should be introduced to the diet of the patient in order to stabilize the intestinal microbial population and reinforce the mucosal barrier, hence preventing or alleviating IBD symptoms. Intestinal inflammation is usually associated with vitamin D levels and gut flora. Constant study has demonstrated their link, therefore the prescription of probiotics and vitamin D is beneficial for IBD patients.

Due to the supersaturation of uric acid, monosodium urate monohydrate crystals accumulate in the tissues, causing gout. Gout is characterized by elevated serum urate levels, acute gouty arthritic episodes, the production of tophi, gouty nephropathy, and uric acid stones. Until now there is no definite percentage/number of people with gout arthritis in the world, due to differences in research sampling methods in determining the number of sufferers of this disease. However, especially in America, there has been a significant increase in cases of gouty arthritis in the last 10 years. Uric acid is a waste product created by the body when renewing cells of gout patients produce more uric acid in the body and the body is unable to eliminate uric acid through urine, causing uric acid to accumulate in the blood. Significant roles are played by genetics, gender, and diet (alcohol intake, obesity) in the development of gout. The underlying cause of hyperuricemia determines the elements that lead to the development of gout. A diet heavy in purines can precipitate gout episodes in individuals with congenital defects in purine metabolism that result in elevated uric acid generation. Many risk factors for gout have been identified via research, including alcohol risk behavior (only in males), body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, triglycerides, and triglyceride levels. Gout sufferers should avoid uric acid-raising meals and beverages. The patient drinks plenty of water. Gout sufferers should exercise regularly. To maintain weight, walk 150 minutes per week or 30 minutes each day. Avoid uric acid-raising medications like hydrochlorothiazide, aspirin, and cyclosporine.

As a pathogen invades, phagocytes quickly respond, but the adaptive immune response is more specific. Antigen-recognizing cytotoxic T cells control this immunological response. Cytotoxic T cells kill infection. These cells participate in humoral, antiparasitic, and antiviral immune responses. Balanced nutrition helps the immune system fight infections and neoplastic cells. Research describes how the immune system and defensive mechanisms defend the body from invaders, especially with optimal diet. Respiratory tract infections can worsen chronic diseases, increasing mortality. Vitamin D reduces respiratory infections, including pneumonia, through numerous mechanisms. UVB exposure converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into fat-soluble vitamin D. The liver converts it to 25(OH)D, which the kidneys or other organs convert to calcitriol 1, 25(OHD). Bones and teeth need vitamin D. Vitamin D aids bone metabolism, gastrointestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, and the immune system, according to in vitro research. Most studies indicate COVID-19 severity with vitamin D levels below 12. Vitamin D pills benefit COVID-19 patients.

NAFL, or Non-Alcoholic Fatty liver, is a disorder characterized by the presence of steatosis; steatosis, an inflammation and expansion of liver cells with or without liver fibrosis (NASH, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatosis); and cirrhosis. If more fibrosis or cirrhosis develops, the potential risk of liver cancer will grow. Current epidemiological research indicates that around 49.5% of people with hypertension also have NAFLD. In addition, the prevalence of hypertension is significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than in the general population. It has been proven that both the presence of NAFLD and the severity of the illness are significantly associated with higher risks of a broad spectrum of extrahepatic effects, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension is a disorder characterized by multiple medical issues. In the majority of patients, the pathophysiological cause is unknown (essential or primary). Primary hypertension is incurable but can be managed. Another group with a low percentage has a unique cause, which is known as secondary hypertension. Endogenous and exogenous causes of secondary hypertension are numerous. If the source of secondary hypertension can be discovered, these patients' hypertension may be curable. All studies demonstrate that persons with NAFLD are more likely to have hypertension than those without NAFLD.