Reindeer velvet antlers are a valuable raw material for the production of various medicinal products, since they concentrate a whole range of macro-and microelements, amino acids and lipids, hormones and enzymes in reindeer antlers, they can be used as an additional source of nutrients. Practical methods of extracting valuable components from reindeer antlers are not optimal. The losses of velvet antler raw materials due to the immaturity of extraction technology are really heavy. Considering that reindeer antlers are scarce and quite expensive raw materials, their full-scale use is of vital importance. The problem of maximum extraction of valuable components from reindeer antlers by extraction has been posed and solved. At the same time, there has been studied the influence of fineness of grinding of raw materials, temperature and various extraction methods such as maceration, remaceration, percolation, repercolation, etc. Much help in optimizing the extraction parameters is provided by mathematical methods in order to calculate the total extraction efficiency. The preliminary calculations of the efficiency of extraction revealed the best results for extraction processes using velvet antler raw materials of fine grinding, for this reason further calculations were made taking into account the parameters of this fraction. As a result of the experiments, the decisive influence of the extraction stage on the yield of valuable extragents was determined. Thus, with maceration (single-stage extraction) and the ratio of the raw material and the extragent of 1: 11.6 the efficiency is equal to 86.4 %, with three-stage extraction-it is 97.5 %, and with four-stage extraction it is 98.4 %. It follows that when extracting the velvet antler raw material by the remaceration method the best option is to carry out four extraction stages and use the fine grinding raw material.

Abstract. According to veterinary statistics, the territory of the Taimyr region has 39 registered areas with an epizootic epidemic of anthrax fever. Anthrax is a potentially dangerous infect1ious disease for both animals and humans. The spores of the causative agent of anthrax retain their viability and pathogenicity for 50-70 years or more. Therefore, many old foci of anthrax infection ("epizooty sites") are potentially dangerous at the present time. In connection with the intensive industrial development of the Far North regions, leading to excavation in high-risk areas for anthrax, there is a need to predict the possibility of occurrence and prevention of infection in these areas. A logical-linguistic model for estimating the probability of occurrence of anthrax infection in the five-dimensional factor space has been constructed on the basis of expert knowledge, which makes it possible to carry out epizootic monitoring in a quantitative form. The results of the prognostic estimation have shown that the probability of anthrax occurrence on this territory under all favorable conditions for the development of an anthrax process without preventive measures is likely to be high and accounts for 0.484, however, under the same conditions with preventive measures it amounts to 0.287. The implementation of preventive measures reduces the risk of anthrax occurrence twice. A computerized automated system for assessing the territory of the Taimyr Municipal District has been developed in terms of the risk of anthrax outbreaks on the basis of the constructed logical-linguistic model in the five-dimensional space of fuzzy variables. This makes it possible to optimize the system of epizootic surveillance for this disease

Teachers always face problems when assessing the competence level of test participants (whether students, undergraduates, etc.) in both moral and psychological fields as well as methodological. This raises important questions on the creation of professional systems, which have mathematical models set forth for their vital foundational path. The current working method in the creation of mathematical models for evaluating the competency of test participants is based on a fuzzy logic approach using both the explicit and implicit knowledge of highly qualified experts. One can see the realisation of this method in the example of Englishlanguage instruction. A comparison of two common assessment scales for knowledge of the tested has been carried out – the «fivepoint » standard adopted in Russia (or required, actually) and the converted sevenpoint ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) rating scale which is based on percentage. This study has shown that teachers cannot effectively assess the participants’ competency, neither on individual topics nor on the course as a whole, due to the narrowness of the «fivepoint » scale.

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