No abstract

WNIN/Ob obese mutant rats are unique in comparison to similar rodent models of obesity established in the West. The present study is aimed to evaluate the masticatory function and histological changes in masseter muscle fibres treated with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in WNIN/Ob rats. Twelve WNIN/Ob obese rats and 12 lean rats at 35 days of age were taken and divided into four groups (6 rats in each group): Group-I (WNIN/Ob) and Group-II (lean) rats were injected with BoNT/A (1 unit) into right side of masseter muscle. For control left masseter of both phenotypes was injected with saline. Group-III (WNIN/Ob) and Group-IV (lean) rats were without any treatment. Growth and food intake was monitored daily for 45 days. Rats were euthanized and gross necropsy was carried out to check any abnormalities. Masseter muscles were dissected and mean muscle mass was recorded. Small portion of muscle was stored in 10% formalin for hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and remaining tissue stored in gluteraldehyde for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There is a significant decrease in the body weights and food intake of BoNT/A treated obese rats. The H&E staining of the masseter muscle in both groups showed normal morphology and orientation. The SEM analysis showed that, fibre size in BoNT/A treated masseter muscle of obese rats increased more than the saline treated side and in control rats. The increase in the muscle fibre size and transition of muscle fibre subtypes may be due to the reduced masticatory function of the masseter muscle. SCANNING 38:396-402, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The process of attaching brackets to the tooth surface has evolved from brackets being welded to bands to attaching them using light cure composite resin materials. Similarly, the curing lights have advanced from bulky Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen lights to light-emitting diode (LED) curing units. The LED curing units available now have advanced features like high intensity light, reduced curing time, and are very expensive and rely upon prior charging of the unit. The present article describes a curing light which is powered by an external power source like, laptop, smartphone, and power bank and is very compact compared to the present curing lights and is also less expensive.

No abstract

Customized and prefabricated arch forms are the two basic types of arch forms which determine the outcome of orthodontic treatment. With the introduction of preadjusted edgewise appliance, customized arch forms were rapidly replaced by prefabricated archwires. Although the former was more suitable for a particular patient, they were time-consuming in making and required a lot of chair-side time. The present paper describes a single jig which makes the fabrication of one such arch form (Bonwill Hawley) for any number of patients with different arch dimensions easy and less cumbersome.