Tuberkulosis (TB) paru merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Diagnosis tuberkulosis paru saat ini berdasarkan pemeriksaan mikroskopis basil tahan asam (BTA) pada sputum dengan pewarnaan Ziehl Nelseen, namun sensitivitasnya rendah. Pemeriksaan antigen TB metode rapid immunochromatography (ICT) adalah suatu tes yang cepat, mudah, praktis, dan tidak memerlukan keterampilan khusus. Tes ini mendeteksi antigen yang disekresi Mycobacterium tuberculosis yaitu early secretory antigenic target 6 kDa protein (ESAT6), culture filtrate protein (CFP10), dan Mycobacterium protein tuberculosis (MPT64) yang disandi oleh gen region of difference (RD)1, RD2, dan RD3. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui validitas antigen TB ICT dalam mendiagnosis tuberkulosis paru. Penelitian dilaksanakan September 2012-Maret 2013 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Bentuk penelitian adalah observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang dan analisis uji diagnostik. Setiap spesimen sputum dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskopis BTA dan antigen TB rapid ICT. Biakan M. tuberculosis pada medium Ogawa digunakan sebagai standar baku emas. Tes niasin dilakukan pada koloni yang tumbuh. Didapatkan 149 subjek penelitian, kelompok usia terbanyak pada usia 30-39 tahun. Hasil pemeriksaan biakan didapatkan 56 sampel tumbuh, 86 tidak tumbuh, dan 7 terkontaminasi. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan antigen TB rapid ICT masing masing adalah 95,7% dan 87,2%. Simpulan, pemeriksaan antigen TB rapid ICT mempunyai validitas yang tinggi, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk diagnosis TB paru. [MKB. 2014;46(4):241-46] Kata kunci: Antigen TB rapid ICT, biakan M. tuberculosis, medium Ogawa, mikroskopis BTA
Objective: To determine the validity of tuberculosis (TB) antigen cocktail (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and MPT64) for pulmonary tuberculosis and TB meningitis diagnosis.Methods: This is a descriptive observational study design. The study was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during September 2012 until March 2013 for the pulmonary tuberculosis study and from January 2014 to May 2014 for the TB meningitis study. The TB antigen cocktail rapid immunochromatography (ICT) test was conduncted on all samples. The sputum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were cultured as gold standards.Results: There were 149 pulmonary and 41 TB meningitis subjects. The sensitivity of rapid ICT TB antigen cocktail for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis was 95.7% with a specificity of 87.2%. Of 41 TB meningitis subjects, based on Marais criteria, there were 6 (16%) subjects with a definite TB meningitis, 26 (63%) subjects with probable TB meningitis, and 9 (21%) subjects with possible TB meningitis. The sensitivity and specificity of TB antigen cocktail rapid ICT for TB meningitis diagnosis were 83.3% and 68.5%, respectively. Conclusions:In this study, rapid ICT TB antigen cocktail (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and MPT64) from sputum sample has good validity for diagnosing a pulmonary tuberculosis. Cerebrospinal fluid sample has moderate validity to diagnose TB meningitis.
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