Overpopulation, technological developments and deforestation have ecological and health consequences for the world. The agro-food industry is responsible for one-third of the global greenhouse gas emissions. So, it is crucial to make this industry more sustainable by examining the environmental effects related to food products. The fact that cheese production volume is high in the dairy industry, emphasizes the importance of evaluating the sustainability of cheese production in the dairy industry. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), a globally accepted and ISO standardized method, examines the environmental impact of products and processes. In this study, studies which evaluated the environmental effects of cheese production in the world by LCA were reviewed. This study reveals that raw milk production has the greatest impact in many impact categories and is followed next by energy consumption. Packaging, transportation and consumer use stages primarily affect the impact categories minimally. In addition, suggestions to reduce environmental impacts of cheese production have been presented
Bu çalışmada, mevcut bir meyve suyu konsantresi fabrikasının konsantre şeftali püresi üretim hattı örnek olarak incelenmiş ve gerçek üretim verileri kullanılarak, ISO 14040 ve 14044'te belirtilen adımlar izlenerek, yaşam döngüsü analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, sistem sınırları belirlenmiş ve tüm girdi çıktıları içeren, detaylı bir işlem akış şeması çizilmiştir. Sonrasında, birim konsantre şeftali püresi üretimi için tüketilen hammadde, su, enerji (ısı ve elektrik), ambalaj malzemesi vb. girdilerle, bu süreçte oluşan atık su, meyve atıkları, ambalaj atıkları vb. çıktıların miktarları belirlenmiştir. Böylece, envanter analizi yapılmış ve elde edilen veriler karbon ayak izi için temel teşkil edecek şekilde bir tablo olarak sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, birim ürün için karbon ayak izi 0.82 kg CO2eşd/kg konsantre ürün, enerji ayak izi 4443 kJ/kg konsantre ürün ve su ayak izi 2.59 m 3 su/kg konsantre ürün olarak hesaplanmıştır. Belirlenen sistem sınırları içinde, ürün yaşam döngüsü aşamalarından tarımsal üretimin hem karbon ayak izine, hem de su ayak izine en büyük etkiyi yaptığı, enerji tüketiminin CO2eşd emisyonları için ikinci önemli etken olduğu ve enerji ayak izinin başlıca sorumlusunun ısı enerjisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, literatürdeki benzer ürünlerin yaşam döngüsü analizleri ile bir karşılaştırma yapılmış ve sonuçlar sürdürülebilir üretim kapsamında tartışılmıştır.
The food industry is one of the most suitable sectors for solar process heat applications. Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems generate steam using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight onto a receiver. In this study, how a CSP system connected hybrid to the boiler system can be utilized to produce more sustainable peach puree concentrate (PPC) have been examined. The amount of steam required for PPC production was calculated using the measurements rendered in a real fruit juice concentrate plant and the data obtained from them. A parabolic trough‐type CSP system of 1 MWth was designed, which is placed in the area of the plant, and it was determined that the steam quantity obtained during the production period is able to meet how much of the current consumption. Also, it has been shown how much CO2eq emission reduction will be achieved by using CSP. Practical Applications Concentrated fruit juice production is one of the thermal energy intense food processes. Therefore, utilization of renewable energy sources for process heat is very important. We designed a CSP system in this study with using production data from a real fruit juice factory. This CSP system is naturally applicable to both fruit juice and all food industry using steam at similar temperatures and pressures. Fossil fuels are one of the main responsible for global warming. For this reason, the use of solar thermal systems is promising to ensure sustainability in food production and reduce the environmental impacts of the product.
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