Mammary cancer is one of the leading causes of death in pet population. Early diagnosis and malignancy detection is important for prognosis. The levels of neopterin, sialic acid and nitric oxide in serum of dogs with malignant mammary tumours were evaluated to investigate the importance of these biochemical parameters for malign mammary tumour. Twelve healthy dogs and twenty dogs with malignant mammary tumours were used as research materials. Blood samples were collected from both groups for neopterin analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas nitric oxide and sialic acid were measured by modified nitrate reductase method and spectrophotometry, respectively. Tissue specimens were evaluated and defined as malignant tumours. Serum nitric oxide and sialic acid levels in dogs with mammary tumours were significantly higher than those in the healthy dogs. Serum neopterin levels were not found significantly different in dogs with mammary tumours compared to healthy dogs. Malignancy of canine mammary tumours are accompained by an elevation of nitric oxide and sialic acid levels.
The aim of this study is to indicate expression of osteopontin (OPN) in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells with different confluences (10, 50, 90, 100%). OPN expression were investigated by western blotting. An increase in OPN expression was observed due to the increased confluency and subsequent initiation of polarization. Expression profiles of flotillin-2 in the same cells were used as a control, since this protein is ubiquitously produced in MDCK cells and its expression rates are independent of confluence and / or polarization. Intracellular distribution of OPN was also monitored by confocal microscopy on preparations immunolabeled with anti-OPN antibodies. Staining patterns have also confirmed increased OPN expression, especially mannose rich isoforms showed an increase dependent on confluency and polarization in MDCK cells. The results were concluded that increased OPN expression during confluency and polarization in MDCK cells. The state of confluence and polarization have significant effects on the mannose rich OPN expression profile. Keywords: Osteopontin, Polarization, MDCK cells, Western Blotting Polarize MDCK Hücrelerinde Osteopontin Ekspresyonu ÖzetÇalışmada, farklı hücre yoğunluklarındaki (%10, 50, 90 ve 100) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) hücrelerinde, osteopontin (OPN) ekspresyonunun araştırılması amaçlandı. OPN ekspresyonu, western blotting ile araştırıldı. Polarizasyonun başlamasını takiben ve hücre yoğunluktaki artışa bağlı OPN ekspresyonunda artış gözlendi. Hücrelerdeki flotillin-2'nin ekspresyon profili kontrol olarak kullanıldı. Flotillin-2 proteininin ekspresyon hızı, hücre yoğunluğu ve/veya polarizasyona bağımlı olmadan MDCK hücrelerince üretilmektedir. OPN'nin hücre içi dağılımı anti-OPN antikor ile immun işaretleme yapılarak konfokal mikroskopta görüntülendi. MDCK hücrelerindeki hücre yoğunluğuna bağlı artan OPN ekspresyonu, görüntülenen bantlarla teyit edildi. Özellikle OPN'nin mannozdan zengin izoformlarının ekspresyonunun uyarıldığı tespit edildi. Sonuçlara göre, hücre yoğunluğu ve polarizasyona bağlı olarak, MDCK hücrelerinde OPN ekspresyonunda artış gözlendi. Hücre yoğunluğu ve polarizasyon durumu, mannozdan zengin OPN'nin ekspresyon profili üzerine önemli etkisi bulunmaktadır.
Özet: Glikozun, proteinlere enzimatik olmayan bağlanması sonucu oluşan glikozile hemoglobinler büyük ölçüde kan glikoz derişimine bağlıdır; dolayısıyla hiperglisemide miktarları artar. Glikozile hemoglobinler, uzun bir süreç içindeki ortalama kan glikozu için bir gösterge oluşturur. Bu gösterge, kan şekerindeki kısa süreli dalgalanmalardan etkilenmez ve dolayısıyla diyabette kan şekeri kontrolünün nispeten daha doğru bir göstergesidir. Veteriner hekimliğinde, özellikle kedi ve köpeklerden kan alınması esnasında, strese bağlı hiperglisemiler görülebilmektedir. HbA 1c düzeyleri ise, strese bağlı oluşabilen hiperglisemiden etkilenmemektedir. Bu çalışmada diyabetli köpeklerde kan HbA 1c düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla kan plazma glikozu ile kan HbA 1c düzeyleri ölçülerek kontrol grubu değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Diyabetli ve kontrol grubu köpeklerde kan plazma glikoz değerleri sırasıyla 526.71±22 mg/dl, 97.80±2.93 mg/dl ölçülmüştür. HbA 1C düzeyleri ise diyabetli grupta % 3.11±0.4 kontrol grupta % 1.07±0.08 bulunmuştur. Kan HbA 1c ve glikoz düzeyleri diyabetli grupta kontrol grubuna göre istatistik olarak önemli derecede yüksek (p<0.01) bulunmuştur.Anahtar sözcükler: Diyabet, glikozile hemoglobin, HbA 1c , köpek. Blood HbA 1C levels in dogs with diabetes mellitusSummary: The phenomenon of glucose molecules binding to proteins by a nonenzymatic glycation mechanism are known as glycated hemoglobin which is directly related to the amount of blood glucose levels. The level of HbA 1c are increased in hyperglicaemia. Glycated Hb is an index of the mean blood glucose concentration over the long period. This index is not effected from the glycemic fluctuations in a short period. Therefore, HbA 1c can be a good sign for controlling the blood sugar in Diabetes mellitus. In veterinary medicine, hyperglicaemia can be seen in the stress conditions during the blood sample collection from cats and dogs. HbA 1c level is not effected from hyperglycemia in stress conditions. In this study, blood glucose and HbA 1c levels were analysed and compared with the control group levels for the evolutions of blood HbA 1c levels in dogs with Diabetes mellitus. The blood serum glucose levels in dogs with Diabetes mellitus and the control dogs were found to be 526.71±22 mg/dl and 97.80±2.93 mg/dl respectively. Moreover blood HbA 1c levels of diabetic and control dogs were found 3.11±0.4 % and 1.07±0.08 % respectively. The blood HbA 1c levels in Diabetes mellitus group in comparison to control group were found to be statisticaly higher (p<0.01).
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