Although the ulnar nerve is closely associated with the triceps brachii muscle, the literature does not normally describe it as supplying this muscle. However, recent research has examined the ulnar nerve in the upper arm and identified branches supplying the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle. This study aims to expand upon this research by describing the course and incidence of these branches in a larger sample size. We examined 50 specimens in 25 cadavers. Ulnar innervation of the medial head of the triceps brachii was identified in 14 specimens (28%). The mean distance of the ulnar nerve branch midpoint was 26% along a line between the surgical neck and an epicondyle line, with a range of 11-39%. Innervation of the triceps brachii muscle by the ulnar nerve has important clinical and surgical implications.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of the bony landmarks on the lateral surface of the mastoid process (MP). It was also the target of this study to reveal the importance of sexual dimorphism in terms of the mastoid triangle. Our study was performed on 140 (70 women, 70 men) multidetector computed tomography images obtained from patients who underwent radiologic examination at the Department of Radiology of Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University. The height of the MP was measured using 2 different ways. The distance between the mastoid apex and the midpoint of the distance of the porion and the mastoid notch was measured (mastoid height 1). Then, the distance between the Frankfurt horizontal plane and the mastoid apex was measured (mastoid height 2). The distances between porion-mastoid notch, porion-mastoid apex, porion-asterion, asterion-mastoid apex, articular tubercle-asterion, articular tubercle-mastoid apex, as well as the right and the left MP were also measured. Finally, the angles between porion-mastoid apex-asterion, mastoid apex-asterion- porion, and asterion-porion-mastoid apex were measured. All data were analyzed statistically using the Student's t-test. According to the results of the measurements, all right and left parameters of the men were higher than the women's right and left sides except for the angle between asterion-porion-mastoid apex. In addition, all right and left parameters were almost the same in both sexes. Having the knowledge of measurements of the distances between the major landmarks of the temporal bone is essential to avoid possible complications during facial, mastoid, and especially sigmoid sinus surgeries.

The knowledge of the morphometric data and different types of the NB and PA is essential for sex determination, all surgical procedures related to this area, and nasal reconstructions.

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to present reliable data by measuring the morphometric properties of the mandible in the fetal period. Methods: A study was performed on mandibles of 35 fetuses (18 male fetuses and 17 female fetuses), aged between 21 and 40 weeks of gestation. Fetuses were examined in 3 groups according to their developmental stages: 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, and full-term. Morphometric measurements were performed for both the right and left sides of each mandible. The measurements of the mental foramen were performed using a digital caliper, and other measurements were performed using the ImageJ program. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 20 for Windows program. Results: There was no significant gender difference for all parameters. When the parameters were compared by the trimesters, no significant difference was determined in the 2nd trimester - 3rd trimester, 3rd trimester-full-term, and second trimester - full-term comparisons of the angle of the mandible, and there was a significant difference in all other parameters (P < 0.05). According to the trimesters, all parameters, except the angle of the mandible, increased naturally with the development of the mandible. It was observed that the angle of the mandible decreased from the 2nd trimester to the 3rd trimester and increased from the 3rd trimester to the full term. When the right and left measurements were compared, no significant difference was found for all parameters in both general and trimester groups. Conclusion: The present study includes fetal mandibular parameters that have not been reported elsewhere. It is thought that the obtained data will contribute to the determination of anomalies, pathologies, and variations.