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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common retinal complication associated with diabetes. It is a major cause of blindness in middle as well as older age groups. Therefore early detection through regular screening and timely intervention will be highly beneficial in effectively controlling the progress of the disease. Since the ratio of people afflicted with the disease to the number of eye specialist who can screen these patients is very high, there is a need of automated diagnostic system for diabetic retinopathy changes in the eye so that only diseased persons can be referred to the specialist for further intervention and treatment.Various aspects and stages of retinopathy are analyzed by examining the colored retinal images. Microaneurysms are small saccular pouches caused by local distension of capillary walls and appear as small red dots. Their walls are thin and rupture easily to cause hemorrhages. Hard exudates are yellow lipid deposits which appear as bright yellow lesions. The bright circular region from where the blood vessels emanate is called the optic disk. The fovea defines the center of the retina, and is the region of highest visual acuity. The spatial distribution of exudates and microaneurysms and hemorrhages, especially in relation to the fovea can be used to determine the severity of diabetic retinopathy.Image analysis tools can be used for automated detection of these various features and stages of Diabetes Retinopathy and can be referred to the specialist accordingly for intervention, thus making it a very effective tool for effective screening of Diabetic Retinopathy patients. DR patients require frequent, at least six monthly screening of vast number of patients and automating the process will go a long way in relieving the burden on the specialist and reducing the most common cause of preventable blindness.

The goal of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis or green tea extract (AQGTE) in chronic ethanol-induced albino rats. All animals were divided into 4 groups in the study for a 5-week duration. 50% ethanol was given orally to the rats with two doses (5 mg/kg bw and 10 mg/kg bw) of AQGTE. Ethanol administration caused a significant increase in the levels of plasma and serum enzymatic markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and nonenzymatic markers (cholesterol and triglycerides), lipid peroxidation contents, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and decreased the activities of total proteins, albumin, and cellular antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). The elevation and reduction in these biochemical enzymes caused the damage in hepatocytes histologically due to the high production of ROS, which retards the antioxidant defense capacity of cell. AQGTE was capable of recovering the level of these markers and the damaged hepatocytes to their normal structures. These results support the suggestion that AQGTE was able to enhance hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in vivo against ethanol-induced toxicity.

The continued spread of 2019-nCoV has prompted widespread concern around the world. WHO formally named COVID-19 and International Committee on Taxonomy called it Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to this viral attack, the whole world is in lockdown. Presently, there is no effective way to control it, except social distancing and hygienic activity. World class scientists and researchers are trying to make vaccine and discover the medicine against the control and cure to this deadly viral disease. Our aim to presenting this article is kick-off deadly viral disease i.e COVID-19 by an easy way with minimum intervention and effort. Different ayurvedic therapeutic agents (Curcuma Longa L, Green tea and Piper nigrum) inhabit entry of virus in host cell, transmission of pathogen and improve the immunity. Curcumin and piperine (1-piperoylpiperidine) interact to each other and form a π—π intermolecular complex which enhance the bioavailability of curcumin by inhibition of glucuronidation of curcumin in liver. Both the molecules curcumin and catechin get bound directly to receptors binding domain of S-protein and ACE-2 receptors of host cell, due to which these molecules inhibit the entry of virus in host cell i. e. animal survives from being infected.