The response of wheat to seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is variable, depending on factors related to the interaction of the bacterium with the genotype, growing environment and nitrogen availability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of wheat cultivars to seed inoculation with two strains of A. brasilense (Ab-V5 and Ab-V6) and to application of nitrogen (N) doses in two environments. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in Eldorado do Sul (RS) and Itapiranga (SC), in the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons, under a randomized block design, in a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with three N doses (0, 50 and 100 kg ha -1 ), with and without seed inoculation with A. brasilense, and three wheat cultivars (Mirante, Quartzo and TBIO Pioneiro). Nitrogen application increased wheat growth and grain yield, mainly in Eldorado do Sul (RS), where the soil of the experimental site shows lower fertility levels. Wheat seeds inoculation with two strains of A. brasilense showed variable responses in the growth and grain yield according to the cultivar, growing season and experimental site. Positive responses to seed inoculation were more consistent for the cultivar Mirante, in Eldorado do Sul (RS).Additional keywords: diazotrophic bacteria; plant growth-promoting bacteria; Triticum aestivum. ResumoA resposta à inoculação de sementes de trigo com Azospirillum brasilense é variável, dependendo de fatores relacionados à interação da bactéria com o genótipo, o ambiente de cultivo e a disponibilidade de nitrogênio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de cultivares de trigo à inoculação das sementes com duas cepas de A. brasilense (Ab-V5 e Ab-V6) e à aplicação de doses de nitrogênio (N) em dois ambientes de cultivo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos a campo, nos municípios de Eldorado do Sul (RS) e Itapiranga (SC), nas safras de 2012 e 2013, sob o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 x 3, sendo três doses de N (0; 50 e 100 kg ha -1 ), com e sem uso da inoculação das sementes com A. brasilense, e três cultivares de trigo (Mirante, Quartzo e TBIO Pioneiro). A aplicação de nitrogênio aumentou o crescimento e no rendimento de grãos do trigo, principalmente em Eldorado do Sul (RS), onde o solo da área experimental apresenta menores níveis de fertilidade. A inoculação das sementes de trigo com as duas cepas de A. brasilense apresentou respostas variáveis no crescimento e rendimento de grãos de acordo com a cultivar, o ano e o local de condução dos trabalhos. Respostas positivas à inoculação foram mais consistentes, na cultivar Mirante, em Eldorado do Sul (RS).Palavras-chave adicionais: bactéria diazotrófica; bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal; Triticum aestivum.
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