The larger-scale social restrictions policy to handling the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the socio-economic of the community including job sustainability and income of workers. This study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 on worker layoffs and income in Indonesia. This research uses an accidental sampling through the online survey. The results showed that COVID-19 had an impact on layoffs and decreased income, especially during the social distancing. The result showed that layoffs of workers in Indonesia amounted to 15.6 percent.  Regarding income, about 31.0 percent of workers claim that their income has decreased by less than 50 percent and 8.6 percent of that has fallen above 50 percent. The government needs to conduct strict supervision of companies in each region. The role of the community is needed in overcoming existing problems by looking for new strategies that are utilizing technology and looking for new job opportunities, while still paying attention to health protocols.

The agricultural sector in Indonesia plays a strategic role in both economic development and employment. However, this sector has problems, especially concerning its declining workforce and aging workers. This is largely associated with the low attractiveness of the agricultural sector in absorbing labor. The younger age group prefers to seek non-agricultural employment by migrating to urban areas. This paper aims to analyze the youth mobility, job choice and the implications for agricultural workers. The data for analysis are data from the Indonesian National Labor Force Survey, 2019, by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The result of the descriptive and inferential analysis shows that the probability of youth migrating is higher than for older age groups. On the other hand, the probability of youth finding work in manufacturing and services is greater than in the agriculture sector. This carries implications for an increase in the workforce aged 60 and over, which has escalated from 7.6% in 1971 to 21.2% in 2020. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the agricultural sector so that it is attractive to the younger generation in Indonesia, especially to increase productivity and the use of digital technology for agriculture.

Increasing the participation of Labor Social Security in Indonesia has become the government's commitment. However, until now, there are still many workers who have not participated in labor social security. This paper aims to analyze the gap in the social security membership of workers in Indonesia. Data for analysis is SAKERNAS, August 2018 issued by BPS. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis with both tables and graphics. The results of the analysis show that the participation of workers in labor security in Indonesia is 41.45%. Disparities in labor social security membership occurred in the formal and informal sectors of 48.92% and 1.13%, respectively. Disparities in labor security membership also occur according to main industry, province of residence, gender, and level of education. By sector, the lowest participation occurred in the construction and accommodation sector (20.26%), while the highest participation was in the electricity and gas sector (72.26%). For workers with a diploma education and above, labor security participation is 64.34%, while in junior high school and below, the participation is 19.55%. The participation of labor security in casual workers is still low. Limited income is the main obstacle for informal sector workers and free workers to participate in Labor Social Security. For this reason, it is necessary to think about a subsidized financing scheme so that labor social security does not burden the informal sector workers.

This paper aims to explore labor empowerment of subak agricultural system in Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Data for the analysis are acquired from PPK LIPI 2012 added with secondary data, interview, focus group discussions, and observation. The youth tend to lack interest in working at agricultural sector. Agricultural sector is less attractive to the youth because of relatively lower wages and incomes in this sector. However, there has been no significant problems labor supply in the agricultural sector because farmers' land holdings in this region are generally limited, i.e. approximately 0.3 hectare per household. Farmers in Subak Guama have institutional teamwork established since a long time ago. The cooperatives provide assistance to ease farmers' access to agricultural inputs through with capital credit. The role of Subak Guama is also very prominent in technological adoption. Technologies from the government and private sectors will be adopted by farmers if disseminated through local institutions. Some programs such as tajarwo (legowo row planting) system, rice and cattle integrated system, and balanced crops practice will be well adopted by farmers through cooperatives. The Cooperative in Subak Guama played an important role in improving farmers' knowledge and information. Key words: empowerment, farmer, agriculture, subak, cooperative, Tabanan ABSTRAKTujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk menganalisis pemberdayaan petani dalam sistem pertanian subak di Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Bali, Indonesia. Data untuk analisis adalah data penelitian dari PPK LIPI 2012 yang dilakukan dengan penelusuran data sekunder, wawancara, diskusi kelompok, dan observasi. Ada kecenderungan kurangnya minat pekerja muda untuk bekerja sebagai petani di Subak Guama. Sektor pertanian kurang menarik bagi kaum muda karena nilai upah dan pendapatan di sektor ini lebih rendah dari sektor lainnya. Namun, belum ada masalah terkait dengan pemenuhan tenaga kerja di sektor pertanian karena kepemilikan lahan di daerah ini sempit (sekitar 0,3 ha). Petani di Subak Guama memiliki kerja sama kelembagaan yang telah berakar di masyarakat. Koperasi memberikan bantuan untuk meringankan beban petani dengan pinjaman modal. Peran Subak Guama juga sangat menonjol dalam aspek teknologi. Teknologi dari pemerintah dan sektor swasta akan lebih mudah dipahami dan dilaksanakan oleh petani jika dilakukan melalui lembaga-lembaga lokal. Program tajarwo, sistem integrasi padi dan ternak, budidaya tanaman secara berimbang akan diterima dengan baik oleh petani melalui koperasi. Koperasi di Subak Guama telah menjadi salah satu contoh yang memainkan peran penting dalam peningkatan pengetahuan dan informasi bagi petani.

The massive development of oil palm plantations has made Indonesia the country with the largest land area of oil palm production in the world. However, it is feared that the massive development of oil palm will disrupt national food security. This paper aims to examine the implications of the development of oil palm plantations on the sustainability of rice plants in South Sumatra. The data for analysis are secondary data from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia. The results showed that, in the period of 1991–2017, the oil palm land area in South Sumatra increased by more than the rice area. Several districts have become centers of oil palm development, especially Musi Banyuasin and OKU. Although it is increasing rapidly, the development of oil palm does not interfere with the sustainability of rice in South Sumatra, which can be seen from the increase of the land area and productivity of rice. The areas of oil palm land in Musi Banyuasin and OKU is dominant over that of rice. With the more rapid development of the oil palm land area, in the next few years the dominance of oil palm plantations over rice will occur in several districts in South Sumatra.