The aim of the study was to use Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy 2001 or Anderson & Krathwohl’s Taxonomy 2001 to analyze and compare the levels of reading comprehension questions found in reading parts of Team Up in English 1-3 and Grade 9 English O-NET Tests academic years 2013-2016. This study examined 416 reading comprehension questions from Team Up in English 1-3 and 65 reading comprehension questions from O-NET Tests academic years 2013-2016. Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy 2001 was used as a framework for analyzing levels of reading comprehension questions. The findings showed that the levels of reading comprehension questions found in Team Up in English 1-3 and Grade 9 English O-NET tests academic years 2013-2016 were similar and were in low levels of reading comprehension questions.
A choice experiment was used to assess households' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for informational attributes (sources of water used to rear fish, and certification) of fish products in Hanoi, Vietnam. The study showed that households' purchasing decisions are influenced by their access to information of food product attributes and ascribe an economic value to it. The results indicated that households are willing to pay 51% (USD 1.11 per kg) above the prevailing market price of fish for information to know if wastewater is used to rear the fish they consume. Similarly, they are willing to pay 20% above the prevailing market price of fish (USD 0.43 per kg) to know if freshwater is used as a rearing medium. It is important to note that the increased marginal WTP is for information on whether the fish they consume is raised in wastewater over freshwater. This supports the notion of households' concern over the safety of consuming wastewater-raised fish. Households are also willing to pay 65% (USD 1.42 per kg) above the prevailing market price for certified fish. Based on the cost of fish certification and WTP estimates, we found a total economic benefit of USD 172 million for the implementation of a wastewater-raised fish business model in Hanoi. The demand for wastewater-raised fish is likely to be affected by households' perception of certification by a trusted government agency, source of water used to raise the fish, age, income and household size.
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